{"id":7755,"date":"2017-10-19T15:53:30","date_gmt":"2017-10-19T15:53:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.worldofmastermind.com\/?p=7755"},"modified":"2017-10-29T00:15:29","modified_gmt":"2017-10-29T00:15:29","slug":"%e9%87%8f%e5%ad%90%e5%8a%9b%e5%ad%b8%e7%9a%84%e4%b8%bb%e8%a6%81%e5%9f%ba%e6%9c%ac%e7%89%b9%e8%b3%aa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.worldofmastermind.com\/?p=7755","title":{"rendered":"\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u8cea"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4e00\u3001 \u524d\u8a00<\/strong><\/span>
\u8fd1\u65e5\u767e\u9b54\u5e2b\u5144\u8207\u9732\u66e6\u5e2b\u59d0\u4f86\u51fd\uff0c\u8acb\u4fe1\u5805\u4ee5\u7c21\u55ae\u79d1\u666e\u6587\u53e5\uff0c\u89e3\u8aaa\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u6027\u3002\u4eca\u65e9\u9748\u5149\u4e00\u9583\uff0c\u8349\u5beb<\/strong>\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u4fe1\u5805\u6240\u6fc3\u7e2e<\/strong>\u63d0\u7149\u51fa\u4f86<\/strong>\u7684\uff0c\u56db\u689d\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u6027\u3002\u5e7e\u4e4e\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e58\u4f5b\u7d93\u7406\u6240\u8aaa\u7684 “\u8af8\u6cd5\u5be6\u76f8”\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u9019\u4e9b\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u7a7a\u7a74\u4f86\u98a8\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u7d14\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u69cb\u60f3\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u79d1\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u53ca\u5be6\u9a57\u8b49\u660e\u7684\u7d50\u6676\u3002\u5c0d\u4e00\u822c\u79d1\u666e\u8b80\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u76f8\u4fe1\u79d1\u5b78\u5de8\u4eba\u5011\u6240\u8ad6\u3001\u6240\u8a3c\uff0c\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u52a0\u4ee5\u61c9\u7528\u5c31\u884c (\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b64\uff0c\u8a73\u8fa8\u5916\u9053\u90aa\u8aaa)\u3002\u6b61\u8fce\u6279\u8a55\u6307\u6559\u3002<\/strong>
\"uncertainty<\/a> \"uncertainty<\/a>
\u4e8c\u3001 \u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u6027:<\/strong><\/span>
3.1 \u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u662f\u7528\u591a\u7dad\u6ce2\u52d5\u51fd\u6578\u4f86\u8868\u9054\uff0c\u6eff\u8db3\u4e00\u500b\u7dda\u6027\u8907\u6578\u6ce2\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f (linear complex wave equation),<\/span> \u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u7684\u89e3\u7b54\u662f\u76f8\u52a0\u6027\u7684\u3002\u540c\u6642\u6ce2\u51fd\u6578\u4e0d\u662f\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7121\u6240\u4e0d\u5728\uff0c\u7030\u6f2b\u5728\u7121\u9650\u6642\u7a7a\u88e1\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

3.2 \u6e2c\u4e0d\u6e96\u539f\u7406 (uncertainty principle)<\/strong><\/span>
\u4e0d\u80fd\u7cbe\u6e96\u7684\u6e2c\u91cf\u4e00\u9846\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e(position, x) \u8207\u52d5\u91cf(momentum, p).<\/strong>
\"uncertainty<\/a><\/p>\n

3.3 Particle-wave duality\u5fae\u89c0\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u6ce2\u7c92\u4e8c\u5143\u6027<\/span><\/strong>
\u91cf\u5b50\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u7d93\u5178\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u7684\u6ce2\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u7d93\u5178\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u3002\u5373\u5149(\u6cdb\u6307\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2) \u8207\u7d44\u6210\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7c92\u5b50 (\u5982\u96fb\u5b50\u3001\u8cea\u5b50\u3001\u4e2d\u5b50\u3001\u5938\u514b)\u7b49\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u5177\u6709\u6ce2 (wave) \u8207 \u7c92\u5b50(particle) \u7684\u6027\u8cea\u3002<\/strong>\u5176\u5be6\u66f4\u6df1\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u5305\u62ec\u4e0b\u9762\u56db\u500b\u975e\u6211\u5011\u5fc3\u610f\u8b58\u6240\u80fd\u4e86\u77e5\u7684\u7279\u6027:<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. \u5b83\u5011\u65e2\u662f\u6ce2\u4e5f\u662f\u7c92\u5b50 (\u662f\u6ce2\u662f\u7c92)\uff1b<\/strong>
2. \u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u6ce2\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u7c92\u5b50 (\u4f3c\u6ce2\u975e\u6ce2\uff0c\u4f3c\u7c92\u975e\u7c92)\uff1b<\/strong>
3. \u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5be6\u9a57\u4e2d\u8868\u73fe\u70ba\u6ce2\uff0c\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u5be6\u9a57\u4e2d\u8868\u73fe\u70ba\u7c92\u5b50 (\u975e\u6ce2\u975e\u7c92)\uff1b<\/strong>
4. \u65e2\u5177\u6709\u6ce2\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u6027\u8cea\u53c8\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u6ce2\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u65e2\u5177\u6709\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u6027\u8cea\u53c8\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u7c92\u5b50\u7684<\/strong>\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u6027\u8cea\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4f3c\u6ce2\uff1a\u5b83\u80fd\u7522\u751f\u5e72\u6d89 (interference) \u548c\u884d\u5c04 (diffraction)\u3002\u975e\u6ce2\uff1a\u6c92\u6709\u5c0d\u61c9\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u7269\u7406\u91cf\uff0cw\u5b83\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4ee5\u6a5f\u7387\u4f86\u8a6e\u91cb\u3002\u4f3c\u7c92\uff1a\u6709\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u8cea\u91cf\u3001\u96fb\u8377\u3002\u975e\u7c92\u5b50\uff1a\u6c92\u6709\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u8ecc\u9053\uff0c\u5982\u4e00\u5718\u9727\u822c\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6b64\u5373\u985e\u4f3c\u5fc3\u7d93\u6240\u8aaa: \u8272\u4e0d\u7570\u7a7a\uff0c\u7a7a\u4e0d\u7570\u8272\uff0c\u8272\u5373\u662f\u7a7a\uff0c\u7a7a\u5373\u662f\u8272\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

3.4 \u91cf\u5b50\u7cfe\u7e8f (quantum entanglement)<\/strong><\/span>
\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u88cf\uff0c\u7576\u5e7e\u500b\u7c92\u5b50\u5728\u5f7c\u6b64\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u5f8c\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u5404\u500b\u7c92\u5b50\u6240\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u7279\u6027\u5df2\u7d9c\u5408\u6210\u70ba\u6574\u9ad4\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u55ae\u7368\u63cf\u8ff0\u5404\u500b\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u63cf\u8ff0\u6574\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u73fe\u8c61\u70ba\u91cf\u5b50\u7cfe\u7e8f\u3002<\/strong>\u8b6c\u5982\u7531\u4e00\u500b\u7c92\u5b50\u5206\u88c2\u6210\u5169\u500b\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5411\u79fb\u52d5\uff0c\u5247\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5b83\u5011\u8ddd\u96e2\u591a\u9060\uff0c\u90fd\u80fd\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e92\u77e5\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u4e00\u3001 \u524d\u8a00 \u8fd1\u65e5\u767e\u9b54\u5e2b\u5144\u8207\u9732\u66e6\u5e2b\u59d0\u4f86\u51fd\uff0c\u8acb\u4fe1\u5805\u4ee5\u7c21\u55ae\u79d1\u666e\u6587\u53e5\uff0c\u89e3\u8aaa\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u6027\u3002\u4eca\u65e9\u9748\u5149\u4e00\u9583\uff0c\u8349\u5beb\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u4fe1\u5805\u6240\u6fc3\u7e2e\u63d0\u7149\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\uff0c\u56db\u689d\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u6027\u3002\u5e7e\u4e4e\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e58\u4f5b\u7d93\u7406\u6240\u8aaa\u7684 “\u8af8\u6cd5\u5be6\u76f8”\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u7a7a\u7a74\u4f86\u98a8\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u7d14\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u69cb\u60f3\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u79d1\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u53ca\u5be6\u9a57\u8b49\u660e\u7684\u7d50\u6676\u3002\u5c0d\u4e00\u822c\u79d1\u666e\u8b80\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u76f8\u4fe1\u79d1\u5b78\u5de8\u4eba\u5011\u6240\u8ad6\u3001\u6240\u8a3c\uff0c\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u52a0\u4ee5\u61c9\u7528\u5c31\u884c (\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b64\uff0c\u8a73\u8fa8\u5916\u9053\u90aa\u8aaa)\u3002\u6b61\u8fce\u6279\u8a55\u6307\u6559\u3002 \u4e8c\u3001 \u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u6027: 3.1 \u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u662f\u7528\u591a\u7dad\u6ce2\u52d5\u51fd\u6578\u4f86\u8868\u9054\uff0c\u6eff\u8db3\u4e00\u500b\u7dda\u6027\u8907\u6578\u6ce2\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f (linear complex wave equation), \u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u7684\u89e3\u7b54\u662f\u76f8\u52a0\u6027\u7684\u3002\u540c\u6642\u6ce2\u51fd\u6578\u4e0d\u662f\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7121\u6240\u4e0d\u5728\uff0c\u7030\u6f2b\u5728\u7121\u9650\u6642\u7a7a\u88e1\u3002 3.2 \u6e2c\u4e0d\u6e96\u539f\u7406 (uncertainty principle) \u4e0d\u80fd\u7cbe\u6e96\u7684\u6e2c\u91cf\u4e00\u9846\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e(position, x) \u8207\u52d5\u91cf(momentum, p). 3.3 Particle-wave duality\u5fae\u89c0\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u6ce2\u7c92\u4e8c\u5143\u6027 \u91cf\u5b50\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u7d93\u5178\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u7684\u6ce2\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u7d93\u5178\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u3002\u5373\u5149(\u6cdb\u6307\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2) \u8207\u7d44\u6210\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7c92\u5b50 (\u5982\u96fb\u5b50\u3001\u8cea\u5b50\u3001\u4e2d\u5b50\u3001\u5938\u514b)\u7b49\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u5177\u6709\u6ce2 (wave) \u8207 \u7c92\u5b50(particle) \u7684\u6027\u8cea\u3002\u5176\u5be6\u66f4\u6df1\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u5305\u62ec\u4e0b\u9762\u56db\u500b\u975e\u6211\u5011\u5fc3\u610f\u8b58\u6240\u80fd\u4e86\u77e5\u7684\u7279\u6027: 1. \u5b83\u5011\u65e2\u662f\u6ce2\u4e5f\u662f\u7c92\u5b50 (\u662f\u6ce2\u662f\u7c92)\uff1b 2. \u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u6ce2\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u7c92\u5b50 (\u4f3c\u6ce2\u975e\u6ce2\uff0c\u4f3c\u7c92\u975e\u7c92)\uff1b 3. … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7755","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-49"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.worldofmastermind.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7755","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.worldofmastermind.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.worldofmastermind.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldofmastermind.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldofmastermind.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7755"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldofmastermind.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7755\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7787,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldofmastermind.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7755\/revisions\/7787"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.worldofmastermind.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7755"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldofmastermind.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7755"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldofmastermind.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7755"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}