{"id":6407,"date":"2016-09-11T18:48:08","date_gmt":"2016-09-11T18:48:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.worldofmastermind.com\/?p=6407"},"modified":"2019-02-20T01:03:40","modified_gmt":"2019-02-20T01:03:40","slug":"%e5%86%8d%e8%aa%aa%e6%ad%a6%e5%8a%9f%e6%9c%80%e9%ab%98%e5%a2%83%e7%95%8c-%e5%a4%a7%e6%a9%9f%e5%a4%a7%e7%94%a8%ef%bc%8c%e4%bb%a5%e7%a6%aa%e7%b7%b4%e6%ad%a6%ef%bc%8c%e4%bb%a5%e6%ad%a6%e8%a8%bc%e9%81%93","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.worldofmastermind.com\/?p=6407","title":{"rendered":"\u518d\u8ad6\u6b66\u529f\u6700\u9ad8\u5883\u754c: \u5927\u6a5f\u5927\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u79aa\u7df4\u6b66\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b66\u8a3c\u9053\u3002"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>\u524d\u8a00<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong> \u79aa\u5b97\u5982\u4f55\u4fee\u5b9a\u958b\u6167\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u660e\u5fc3\u898b\u6027\uff0c\u6700\u70ba\u8cbc\u5207\u6613\u61c2\u7684\u89e3\u8aaa\uff0c\u662f\u4ee5\u5927\u5bb6\u6240\u719f\u6089\u7684\u5982\u4f55\u4fee\u5230\u6b66\u529f\u6700\u9ad8\u5883\u754c\u70ba\u4f8b\u3002\u5f15\u8ff0\u6b66\u8056\uff0c\u4ee5\u79aa\u7df4\u6b66\u3001\u4ee5\u6b66\u8a3c\u9053\u7684\u89aa\u8eab\u9ad4\u9a57\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldofmastermind.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/lyon-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-6410\" src=\"https:\/\/www.worldofmastermind.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/lyon-2-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"lyon-2\" width=\"81\" height=\"105\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldofmastermind.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/lyon-3.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-6411\" src=\"https:\/\/www.worldofmastermind.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/lyon-3-300x168.jpg\" alt=\"lyon-3\" width=\"121\" height=\"74\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldofmastermind.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/lyon-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-6409\" src=\"https:\/\/www.worldofmastermind.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/lyon-1.jpg\" alt=\"lyon-1\" width=\"74\" height=\"100\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldofmastermind.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/lyon-4.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-6415\" src=\"https:\/\/www.worldofmastermind.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/lyon-4-209x300.jpg\" alt=\"lyon-4\" width=\"75\" height=\"103\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n<strong>\u6b66\u9053\u535a\u5927\u7cbe\u6df1\uff0c\u80fd\u4ee5\u79aa\u7df4\u6b66\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b66\u5165\u9053\u3001\u8b49\u9053\u8005\uff0c\u662f\u70ba\u6b66\u8056\u3002\u81ea\u53e4\u6709\u201c\u6b66\u9053\u8208\u65fa\uff0c\u5247\u6c11\u65cf\u660c\u76db\uff0c\u6b66\u9053\u8870\u7aed\u5247\u6c11\u65cf\u9839\u5ee2\u201d\u7684\u683c\u8a00\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u65e5\u672c\u6c11\u65cf\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u6709\u5176\u9ed1\u6697\u7684\u4e00\u9762\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u6c11\u65cf\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5149\u660e\u7684\u4e00\u9762\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u65e5\u672c\u6c5f\u6236\u6642\u4ee3[1603\u20141867\uff0c\u76f8\u7576\u65bc\u6e05\u671d (1611-1911)] \u4e4b\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u51fa\u4e86\u5169\u4f4d\u6b66\u529f\u5de8\u5320\uff0c\u7686\u4ee5\u528d\u4fee\u79aa\uff0c\u4ee5\u5200\u4fee\u9053\uff0c\u4ee5\u79aa\u4fee\u6b66\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b66\u8a3c\u9053\u7684\u660e\u5fc3\u898b\u6027\u6b66\u8056\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u609f\u6240\u8a3c\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u662f\u5728\u6b66\u529f\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5247\u901a\u4e00\u5207\u4e8b\u7406\u3002\u6211\u5011\u7531\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u6df1\u9818\u609f\uff0c\u660e\u5fc3\u898b\u6027\u7684\u5fc3\u8def\u6b77\u7a0b\u3002\u4e4b\u524d\u4fe1\u5805\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e86\u6709\u300c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6230\u52dd\u7684\u6b66\u58eb\u300d\u4e4b\u7a31\u7684\u5175\u6cd5\u5bb6 &#8220;<span style=\"color: #800000;\">\u5bae\u672c\u6b66\u85cf<\/span>&#8221; (1584\uff5e1645) \uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u6240\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u300a\u4e94\u8f2a\u66f8\u300b\u3002[\u8a73\u898b &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldofmastermind.com\/?p=4812\">\u5bae\u672c\u6b66\u85cf \u6b66\u529f\u6700\u9ad8\u5883\u754c \u4fee\u8a3c\u6cd5\u9580: \u4ee5\u528d\u4fee\u79aa \u53ca \u4ee5\u6b66\u4fee\u9053 \u4e8b\u4f8b<\/a>&#8221; \u3002] <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5bae\u672c\u6b66\u85cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u528d\u5165\u79aa\uff0c\u4ee5\u79aa\u8a3c\u9053\uff0c\u9054\u5230\u6b66\u529f\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u5883\u754c: \u8070\u660e\u777f\u667a\uff0c\u795e\u6b66\u4e0d\u6bba\uff0c\u4e8c\u5929\u4e00\u6d41\uff0c\u4ee5\u79aa\u651d\u528d\uff0c\u842c\u91cc\u4e00\u7a7a\u3002\u6b66\u529f\u5883\u754c\u4e4b\u767b\u5cf0\u9020\u6975\uff0c\u6703\u9054\u5230\u96a8\u5fc3\u6240\u6b32\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u62db\u5f0f\u7d04\u675f\uff0c\u4ee5\u67d4\u514b\u525b\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f31\u514b\u5f37\uff0c\u4ee5\u7121\u62db\u52dd\u6709\u62db\uff0c\u4ee5\u7121\u528d\u52dd\u6709\u528d\uff0c\u5316\u8150\u673d\u70ba\u795e\u5947\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u5200\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u5168\u7136\u7a7a\u5bc2\u7684\u5fc3\u5883\u4e2d\u5288\u51fa\u3002\u51fa\u624b\u6bcf\u4e00\u5200\uff0c\u4ff1\u4f7f\u5468\u8eab\u8f15\u9748\uff0c\u4e0d\u6eef\u4e00\u7269\uff0c\u812b\u76e1\u706b\u6c23\u3001\u5165\u65bc\u4eba\u528d\u5408\u4e00\u4e4b\u5883\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u65bc\u660e\u5fc3\u898b\u6027\u5883\u754c\u3002\u8fd4\u7167\u4e16\u9593\uff0c\u96a8\u5fc3\u6240\u6b32\uff0c\u61c9\u7528\u7121\u7aae\uff0c\u6230\u7121\u4e0d\u52dd\uff0c\u653b\u7121\u4e0d\u514b\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4fe1\u5805\u5728\u6b64\u4ecb\u7d39\u8207\u5bae\u672c\u6b66\u85cf\u540c\u6642\u7684 &#8220;<span style=\"color: #800000;\">\u67f3\u751f\u5b97\u77e9<\/span>&#8221; (1571\uff5e1646) \u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u5175\u6cd5\u5bb6\u50b3\u66f8\u300b\u3002\u67f3\u751f\u5b97\u77e9\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u6c5f\u6236\u6642\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\u7684\u6b66\u5c07\u548c\u528d\u9053\u5bb6\u3002\u5fb7\u5ddd\u5c07\u8ecd\u5bb6\u7684\u528d\u8853\u6559\u7df4\u3002\u81ea\u7a31\u5e74\u904e\u4e94\u5341\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u624d\u9818\u609f\u5175\u6cd5\u5967\u7fa9\uff0c\u7cbe\u901a\u300c\u4e0d\u6230\u800c\u5c48\u4eba\u4e4b\u5175\u300d\u4e4b\u5175\u6cd5\u771f\u9ad3\uff0c\u65bc1632\u5e74\u5b8c\u6210\u65b0\u9670\u6d41\u7684\u6280\u6cd5\u8207\u7406\u8ad6\u96c6\u5927\u6210\u7684\u300a\u5175\u6cd5\u5bb6\u50b3\u66f8\u300b\u3002\u67f3\u751f\u5b97\u77e9\u8aaa\uff0c\u770b\u5f85\u5175\u6cd5\u7684\u5b78\u554f\uff0c\u5b58\u4e4e\u4e00\u5fc3\uff0c\u5584\u7528\u8005\u5f97\u5230\u5927\u7528\uff0c\u53d6\u4e4b\u4e0d\u76e1\uff0c\u7528\u4e4b\u4e0d\u7aed\uff1b\u4e0d\u6703\u7528\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5247\u5175\u6cd5\u4e0d\u904e\u6253\u6253\u6bba\u6bba\uff0c\u4f60\u6b7b\u6211\u6d3b\u3002<!--more--><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u300a\u5175\u6cd5\u5bb6\u50b3\u66f8\u300b\u8207\u300a\u4e94\u8f2a\u66f8\u300b\u5728\u201c\u7a7a\u4e4b\u5377\u201d\u6240\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e92\u76f8\u5f71\u6620\uff0c\u66f4\u589e\u5149\u8f1d\uff0c\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u4e00\u5c64\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u5f9e\u6230\u7565\u6230\u8853\uff0c\u800c\u4e3b\u8981\u5f9e\u5167\u5fc3\u5165\u624b\u3002\u6b64\u66f8\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e09\u5927\u6bb5\u843d\uff0c \u4e00\u201c\u6bba\u4eba\u5200\u201d\u8b1b\u7684\u662f\u9032\u653b\uff0c\u4e8c\u201c\u6d3b\u4eba\u528d\u201d\u8b1b\u7684\u662f\u9632\u79a6\uff0c\u4e09\u201c\u7121\u5200\u201d\u8b1b\u7684\u662f\u6b66\u529f\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u5883\u754c\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u9032\u653b\u7684\u6642\u5019\u8981\u5167\u5fc3\u7a7a\u660e\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u6709\u592a\u591a\u639b\u7919\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7121\u60f3\u7121\u5ff5\uff0c\u9032\u653b\u624d\u4e0d\u6703\u62d6\u6ce5\u5e36\u6c34\u3002\u7121\u5ff5\u6709\u5169\u91cd\u5883\u754c\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u7528\u6709\u5ff5\u9054\u5230\u7121\u5ff5 (\u4ee5\u5ff5\u9664\u5ff5)\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u4ee5\u7121\u5ff5\u9054\u5230\u7121\u5ff5\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u9632\u79a6\u7684\u6642\u5019\u537b\u6b63\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u3002\u8981\u6642\u523b\u89c0\u5bdf\u6575\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u8209\u4e00\u52d5\u3002\u5177\u9ad4\u5f80\u5f80\u9ad4\u73fe\u5728\u6575\u4eba\u7684\u5175\u5668\u548c\u773c\u795e\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u900f\u904e\u9019\u4e9b\u770b\u5230\u6575\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\uff0c\u9019\u624d\u662f\u6d1e\u5bdf\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u5883\u754c\u3002\u4f60\u7684\u4e00\u8209\u4e00\u52d5\uff0c\u8981\u914d\u5408\u6575\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u8209\u4e00\u52d5\u3002\u67f3\u751f\u5b97\u77e9\u89ba\u5f97\u5167\u5fc3\u7684\u201c\u7a7a\u201d\u9084\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u9ad8\u5883\u754c\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u5883\u754c\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u201c\u7121\u5200\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5373\u4f7f\u624b\u4e2d\u6c92\u6709\u5200\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u5920\u52dd\u5229\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u9054\u5230\u4e0d\u6bba\u4eba\u7684\u201c\u7121\u6230\u201d\u5883\u754c\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>\u4e8c\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u6b66\u58eb\u9053<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong> 2.1 \u6587\u4ee5\u4f5b\u5b78\u7acb\u5fc3\uff0c\u6b66\u4ee5\u6280\u85dd\u7df4\u9ad4<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong> \u65e5\u672c\u6b66\u9053\u4ee5\u300c\u6587\u6b66\u517c\u4fee\u300d\u70ba\u300c\u8eca\u4e4b\u5169\u8f2a\u300d\uff0c\u6587\u4ee5\u4f5b\u5b78\u7acb\u5fc3\uff0c\u6b66\u4ee5\u6280\u85dd\u7df4\u9ad4\uff0c\u628a\u4f5b\u5b78\u4f5c\u70ba\u6b66\u58eb\u5fc5\u4fee\u4e4b\u8ab2\u76ee\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u6b66\u9053\u7279\u5225\u6ce8\u91cd\u7df4\u300c\u5fc3\u300d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f5b\u5b78\u4e4b\u300c\u7a7a\u300d\u7684\u5b78\u8aaa\uff0c\u5f37\u8abf\u300c\u7121\u5fc3\u7121\u69cb\u300d\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u6b66\u9053\u501f\u52a9\u4f5b\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u4e4b\u7279\u5225\u4e4b\u8655\u3002\u501f\u52a9\u300c\u609f\u300d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5efa\u7acb\u884c\u70ba\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u6191\u76f4\u89ba\u800c\u679c\u6562\u884c\u52d5\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u6b66\u9053\u4ee5\u79aa\u4e4b\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u6b7b\u4ea1\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u4ee5\u300c\u751f\u6b7b\u4e00\u5982\u300d\u8a8d\u8b58\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u5f37\u8abf\u4ee5\u300c\u5e73\u5e38\u5fc3\u300d\u9762\u5c0d\u640f\u6bba\u7684\u5c0d\u624b\uff0c\u6d88\u9664\u5c0d\u6b7b\u7684\u6050\u61fc\uff1b\u300c\u9ed8\u60f3\u300d\u4f5c\u70ba\u300c\u4fee\u79aa\u300d\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u73fe\u4ee3\u65e5\u672c\u6b66\u9053\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u300c\u528d\u9053\u300d\u4e2d\u5ee3\u70ba\u61c9\u7528\u3002\u300c\u6587\u300d\u8207\u300c\u6b66\u300d\u6216\u300c\u5fc3\u300d\u8207\u300c\u8eab\u300d\u7684\u935b\u934a\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6b66\u8853\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u4e0d\u662f\u55ae\u55ae\u7684\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9010\u6f38\u5730\u8b8a\u6210\u85dd\u8853\u6027\u8207\u7cbe\u795e\u6027\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u6559\u990a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u65e5\u672c\u6b66\u9053\u8207\u4f5b\u6559\u3001\u85dd\u8853\u7b49\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u5f88\u6df1\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5167\u5728\u6027\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u7279\u8cea\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>2.2 \u501f\u9451\u4f5b\u6559\u300c\u4e09\u5b78\u300d\u7684\u4fee\u7149<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong> \u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u4fee\u884c\u57fa\u790e\u662f\u300c\u6212\u3001\u5b9a\u3001\u6167\u4e09\u5b78\u300d\uff0c\u5c55\u958b\u4f86\u5c31\u662f\u516d\u6ce2\u7f85\u871c (\u4f48\u65bd\u3001\u6301\u6212\u3001\u5fcd\u8fb1\u3001\u7cbe\u9032\u3001\u79aa\u5b9a\u3001\u822c\u82e5) \u7684\u516d\u5ea6\u842c\u884c\u3002\u6212\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7d04\u675f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8eab\u5fc3\uff0c\u7aef\u6b63\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u59ff\u52e2\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u5929\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u52a0\u4ee5\u5be6\u8e10\uff1b\u5b9a\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u51a5\u60f3\uff0c\u662f\u6452\u68c4\u96dc\u5ff5\uff0c\u6de8\u5316\u5167\u5fc3\u7684\u5167\u5728\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u5fc3\u96c6\u4e2d\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f7f\u6563\u4e82\uff0c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u96c6\u4e2d\uff1b\u6167\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u904e\u6212\u8207\u5b9a\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u986f\u73fe\u81ea\u6027\u672c\u5177\u822c\u82e5\u667a\u6167\u3002\u5f9e\u6b66\u8853\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5230\u300c\u609f\u300d\u7684\u5883\u754c\uff0c\u5247\u300c\u7121\u5fc3\u800c\u5165\u81ea\u7136\u4e4b\u5999\uff0c\u7121\u70ba\u800c\u7aae\u8b8a\u5316\u4e4b\u795e\u300d\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5728\u300c\u6212\u300d\u7684\u968e\u6bb5\u935b\u934a\u7684\u6280\uff0c\u8207\u5728\u300c\u5b9a\u300d\u7684\u968e\u6bb5\u7149\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u300c\u8eab\u5fc3\u4e00\u5982\u300d\u96c6\u7d04\u5728\u6280\u8853\u6c34\u5e73\uff08\u5be6\u8e10\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u9054\u5230\u300c\u6280\u300d\u8207\u300c\u5fc3\u300d\u7684\u4e00\u9ad4\u5316\u3002\u300a\u5175\u6cd5\u5bb6\u50b3\u66f8\u300b\u8207\u300a\u4e94\u8f2a\u66f8\u300b\u90fd\u6709\u8a73\u8aaa\u300c\u8eab\u9ad4\u8207\u7cbe\u795e\u3001\u6280\u8207\u5fc3\u300d\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>2.3 \u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u3001\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u54f2\u5b78<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong> \u521d\u5b78\u8005\u8207\u62d9\u52a3\u8005\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u72c0\u614b\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u7121\u660e\u4f4f\u5730\u7169\u60f1\u300d\uff0c\u884c\u8005\u8655\u5728\u8ff7\u832b\u7684\u3001\u660f\u6697\u7684\u5883\u5730\u3002\u8207\u5c0d\u624b\u76f8\u5411\u6642\uff0c\u53ea\u62d8\u6ce5\u65bc\u5c0d\u624b\u528d\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\u3001\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6216\u53ea\u6ce8\u610f\u81ea\u5df1\u63ee\u528d\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u70ba\u88ab\u5468\u570d\u6240\u5206\u6563\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u3002\u540d\u4eba\u8207\u9ad8\u624b\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u7121\u5fc3\u7121\u5ff5\u3001\u5982\u5982\u4e0d\u52d5\u300d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u524d\u5f8c\u5de6\u53f3\u516b\u65b9\u80fd\u61c9\u5c0d\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u6e96\u5099\uff0c\u5fc3\u4e0d\u505c\u7559\u65bc\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u4e00\u8655\uff0c\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u81ea\u5728\u3001\u884c\u52d5\u81ea\u5982\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u3002\u6b66\u9053\u7684\u7a3d\u53e4\u8981\u8d85\u8d8a\u300c\u88ab\u67d0\u4e00\u4e8b\u7269\u6240\u62d8\u7d46\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u300d\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8981\u8a13\u7df4\u5230\u4e0d\u88ab\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u7269\u6240\u62d8\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u81ea\u5728\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u72c0\u614b\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> \u5230\u9054\u300c\u7121\u5fc3\u7121\u5ff5\u300d\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u300c\u528d\u79aa\u5982\u4e00\u300d\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>\u4e09\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u6b66\u571f\u9053\u7684\u56db\u4ee3<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong> \u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u6b66\u571f\u638c\u63e1\u6b0a\u529b\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u9577\u9054700\u9918\u5e74 (1192 &#8211; 1867)\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u7d71\u6cbb\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u6b66\u58eb\uff0c\u9664\u4ee5\u6b66\u529b\u6cbb\u570b\u5916\uff0c\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u5177\u6709\u7cbe\u795e\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6559\u990a\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>3.1 \u65e5\u672c\u7684\u6b66\u9053\u6e90\u65bc\u942e\u5009\u6642\u671f (1192-1333)\uff0c\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e7e\u4ee3\u6b66\u5c07\u90fd\u662f\u79aa\u7684\u71b1\u5fc3\u4fee\u884c\u8005\uff0c\u5982\u5317\u689d\u6642\u5b97\u3001\u4e0a\u6749\u8b19\u4fe1\u3001\u6b66\u7530\u4fe1\u7384\u7b49\u8457\u540d\u6230\u5c07\uff0c\u90fd\u89aa\u6b77\u5bfa\u9662\u53c3\u79aa\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u8acb\u9ad8\u50e7\u5927\u5fb7\u81f3\u5bb6\u4e2d\u8acb\u6559\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u3002\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u660e\u6cbb\u4e09\u821f\u7684\u52dd\u6d77\u821f\u3001\u5c71\u5d17\u9435\u821f\u3001\u9ad8\u6a4b\u6ce5\u821f\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u660e\u6cbb\u7dad\u65b0\u6642\u671f\u53f1\u54a4\u98a8\u96f2\u7684\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u90fd\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u901a\u904e\u79aa\u4fee\u3001\u7df4\u528d\uff0c\u9054\u5230\u5927\u667a\u5927\u52c7\u3001\u8996\u6b7b\u5982\u6b78\u7684\u5883\u754c\u7684\u3002\u528d\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u6b66\u9053\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u528d\u9053\u7684\u79d8\u50b3\u66f8\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5e38\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6587\u5b57\u540c\u528d\u6280\u6c92\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>3.2 \u5ba4\u753a\u6642\u4ee3 (1336 &#8211; 1477)\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>3.3 \u6230\u570b\u6642\u4ee3 (1467 &#8211; 1615) \u662f\u65e5\u672c\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u8ddf\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u6230\u570b\u6642\u4ee3\u985e\u4f3c\uff0c\u662f\u653f\u5c40\u7d1b\u4e82\u53ca\u7fa4\u96c4\u5272\u64da\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u671f\u3002\u6700\u7d42\uff0c\u6b77\u7d93\u4e00\u500b\u534a\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u6df7\u6230\uff0c\u5fb7\u5ddd\u5bb6\u5eb7\u57281603\u5e74\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u6c5f\u6236\u5e55\u5e9c\uff0c1615\u5e74\u6ec5\u8c50\u81e3\u6c0f\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u7d71\u4e00\u5168\u570b\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>3.4 \u6c5f\u6236\u6642\u4ee3\uff081603\u5e74\u20141867\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u53c8\u7a31\u5fb7\u5ddd\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u65e5\u672c\u6b77\u53f2\u4e2d\u5728\u6c5f\u6236\u5e55\u5e9c\uff08\u5fb7\u5ddd\u5e55\u5e9c\uff09\u7d71\u6cbb\u4e0b\u7684\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u5f9e\u6176\u95778\u5e74\uff081603\uff09\u5fb7\u5ddd\u5bb6\u5eb7\u88ab\u59d4\u4efb\u70ba\u5fb5\u5937\u5927\u5c07\u8ecd\u5728\u6c5f\u6236\uff08\u6771\u4eac\uff09\u958b\u8a2d\u5e55\u5e9c\u6642\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u5230\u6176\u61c93\u5e74\uff081867\uff09\u5927\u653f\u5949\u9084\u5f8c\u7d50\u675f\uff0c\u70ba\u671f264\u5e74\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>\u56db\u3001\u300a\u5175\u6cd5\u5bb6\u50b3\u66f8\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u5377 \u6bba\u4eba\u5200<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong> \u6b64\u6bb5\u7c21\u55ae\u4ecb\u7d39\u67f3\u751f\u5b97\u77e9 \u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u5175\u6cd5\u5bb6\u50b3\u66f8\u300b\u88e1\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u6bb5\u8981\u7fa9\u3002\u85c9\u6b64\u9ede\u51fa\uff0c\u4ee5\u79aa\u7df4\u6b66\u3001\u4ee5\u6b66\u8a3c\u9053\u7684\u4fee\u8a3c\u6cd5\u9580\u3002\u6b64\u7ae0\u662f\u4ecb\u7d39\u300a\u5175\u6cd5\u5bb6\u50b3\u66f8\u300b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5377 \u6bba\u4eba\u5200\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>4.1 \u4e0d\u5f97\u5df2\u800c\u7528\u5175<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong> \u9053\u5fb7\u7d93\u8aaa\uff0c\u201c\u5175\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u7965\u4e4b\u5668\u4e5f\uff0c\u5929\u9053\u60e1\u4e4b\u3002\u4e0d\u5f97\u5df2\u800c\u7528\u4e4b\uff0c\u662f\u5929\u9053\u4e5f\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u9019\u53e5\u53e4\u8a9e\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u5c64\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u5f97\u5df2\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u9032\u884c\u6230\u722d\uff0c\u662f\u5408\u4e4e\u5929\u9053\u7684\u3002\u6709\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4e00\u4eba\u7684\u4e0d\u7fa9\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u4f7f\u7121\u6578\u7684\u4eba\u53d7\u82e6\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u6bba\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\uff0c\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u62ef\u6551\u4e86\uff0c\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u842c\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f \u6240\u8b02 \u201c\u6bba\u4eba\u5200\u3001\u6d3b\u4eba\u528d\u201d \u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5175\u6cd5\u7684\u904b\u7528\u662f\u4e00\u9580\u5b78\u554f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u61c2\u9019\u9580\u5b78\u554f\u5c31\u60f3\u53bb\u6bba\u4eba\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u53cd\u6703\u88ab\u4eba\u6bba\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u5c0d\u4e00\u7684\u6c7a\u9b25\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u52dd\u8005\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u8ca0\u8005\uff0c\u8f38\u8d0f\u4e2d\u7684\u5f97\u5931\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5fae\u4e0d\u8db3\u9053\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ee5\u5175\u6cd5\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u53ea\u8b1b\u8ff0\u4e00\u5c0d\u4e00\u5c0d\u6c7a\u7684\u5175\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5c0f\u7684\u5175\u6cd5\u3002\u7576\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u52dd\u6557\u95dc\u4fc2\u5230\u6574\u9ad4\u7684\u5f97\u5931\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u5408\u6230\u4e2d\u7684\u5175\u6cd5\u4e4b\u7406\u4e86\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5728\u5175\u6cd5\u7406\u8ad6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u689d\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u539f\u5247\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u5fd8\u8a18\u6230\u722d\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u660e\u5bdf\u570b\u60c5\uff0c\u77e5\u9053\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6642\u5019\u6703\u6709\u6230\u4e82\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u5728\u6230\u4e82\u672a\u8d77\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u53ca\u6642\u5730\u4e88\u4ee5\u963b\u6b62\u3002\u5728\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u7684\u5468\u570d\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u6703\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u865b\u507d\u5978\u8a50\u7684\u5c0f\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u8b92\u8a00\u8ac2\u5a9a\uff0c\u5047\u5145\u6b63\u76f4\uff0c\u8ff7\u60d1\u4eba\u4e3b\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u6ce8\u610f\u89c0\u5bdf\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u4ecd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u773c\u795e\u4e2d\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u4ed6\u5011\u5167\u5fc3\u7684\u5978\u8a50\u3002\u5728\u5404\u884c\u5404\u696d\u4e2d\u90fd\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6b66\u58eb\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u8981\u6709\u9019\u7a2e\u8655\u4e8b\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u6c92\u6709\u722d\u7aef\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u4e5f\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u4f9d\u64da\u6240\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u5f62\u52e2\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u7e3d\u4e4b\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u4f55\u6642\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e0d\u8981\u5fd8\u8a18\u6ce8\u610f\u89c0\u5bdf\u5f62\u52e2\u52d5\u5411\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> \u5982\u679c\u4eba\u5011\u548c\u4eba\u4ea4\u8ac7\u6642\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u6ce8\u610f\u5225\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u767c\u751f\u722d\u5435\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u722d\u7aef\uff0c\u55aa\u5931\u751f\u547d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4e86\u5f62\u52e2\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u8207\u6c92\u6709\u8a3b\u610f\u5230\u5f62\u52e2\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u6703\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8a8d\u70ba\u5175\u6cd5\u53ea\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u6bba\u4eba\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u504f\u898b\u3002\u5175\u6cd5\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u6bba\u4eba\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u6d88\u6ec5\u7f6a\u60e1\u7684\u3002\u6ec5\u4e00\u4eba\u4e4b\u60e1\uff0c\u800c\u4f7f\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u80fd\u5920\u751f\u5b58\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8ecd\u7565\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>4.2 \u5927\u5b78\u4e4b\u9053<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong> \u5b78\u7fd2\u662f\u9580\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5c4b\u5b50\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u7576\u4f60\u770b\u898b\u9580\u6642\uff0c\u5343\u842c\u4e0d\u8981\u4ee5\u70ba\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u5c4b\u5b50\u3002\u4f60\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u7a7f\u904e\u9580\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u9032\u5165\u5c4b\u5b50\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u5b78\u7fd2\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u9580\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5728\u4f60\u95b1\u8b80\u66f8\u7c4d\u6642\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u4ee5\u70ba\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u9053\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> \u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u5f80\u5f80\u628a\u5b78\u7fd2\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u8aa4\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u9053\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u4ed6\u5011\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u8a5e\uff0c\u5b78\u5230\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u537b\u4ecd\u7136\u5c0d\u9053\u4e00\u7121\u6240\u77e5\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u4f60\u8b80\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u6d41\u5229\uff0c\u5c31\u5982\u540c\u53e4\u4eba\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u8a3b\u91cb\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u9818\u6703\u5176\u5167\u5728\u7684\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u5b83\u8b8a\u6210\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5927\u5b78\u8b1b\u8ff0\u7684\u662f \u201c\u683c\u7269\u201d \u548c \u201c\u81f4\u77e5\u201d\u3002 \u201c\u683c\u7269\u201d \u662f\u63a2\u7a76\u4e16\u4e0a\u4e00\u5207\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u5fb9\u5e95\u8a8d\u8b58\u842c\u4e8b\u842c\u7269\u7684\u539f\u7406\u3002 \u201c\u81f4\u77e5\u201d\u662f\u6307\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u4f60\u8a8d\u8b58\u4e86\u842c\u4e8b\u842c\u7269\u7684\u6839\u672c\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u80fd\u4e86\u89e3\u842c\u4e8b\u842c\u7269\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u505a\u4e00\u5207\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u842c\u4e8b\u842c\u7269\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4e0d\u77e5\uff0c\u624d\u6703\u7591\u60d1\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7591\u60d1\uff0c\u624d\u6703\u5fc3\u6709\u6240\u7919\u3002\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u8a8d\u6e05\u5929\u4e0b\u842c\u4e8b\u842c\u7269\u7684\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u5fc3\u4e2d\u5c31\u6703\u8c41\u7136\u958b\u6717\uff0c\u518d\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u853d\u585e\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u7269\u683c\u201d\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u77e5\u81f3\u201d\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u9054\u5230\u4e86\u5fc3\u7121\u6240\u7919\u7684\u5883\u754c\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u505a\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u90fd\u80fd\u99d5\u8f15\u5c31\u719f\uff0c\u61c9\u4ed8\u81ea\u5982\u4e86\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6b63\u56e0\u70ba\u6b64\uff0c\u8af8\u85dd\u4e4b\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u6b63\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u6383\u9664\u4f60\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7684\u8ff7\u60d1\u548c\u969c\u7919\u3002\u8d77\u521d\uff0c\u7576\u4f60\u4e00\u7121\u6240\u77e5\u6642\uff0c\u5fc3\u4e2d\u81ea\u7136\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6703\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u7591\u554f\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\uff0c\u7576\u4f60\u958b\u59cb\u5b78\u7fd2\u6642\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u5fc3\u4e2d\u958b\u59cb\u9010\u6f38\u6709\u6240\u77e5\uff0c\u800c\u6b63\u662f\u9019\u4e9b\u201c\u77e5\u201d\uff0c\u675f\u7e1b\u4e86\u4f60\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u65bc\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u4e8b\u60c5\u90fd\u8b8a\u5f97\u96e3\u505a\u4e86\u3002\u7576\u4f60\u5b8c\u5168\u5fd8\u6389\u4e86\u6240\u5b78\u7684\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u5be6\u8e10\u4e5f\u5c31\u6d88\u5931\u4e86\u3002\u9019\u6642\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u4f60\u5f9e\u4e8b\u4ec0\u9ebc\u884c\u696d\uff0c\u4f60\u90fd\u80fd\u8f15\u800c\u6613\u8209\u5730\u7372\u5f97\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> \u4f60\u65e2\u4e0d\u6703\u62d8\u6ce5\u4f60\u6240\u5b78\u7684\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6703\u80cc\u96e2\u4f60\u6240\u5b78\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u523b\u610f\u5730\u70ba\u4e86\u5b78\u7fd2\u800c\u5b78\u7fd2\uff0c\u800c\u8981\u9806\u61c9\u5929\u6027\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u53bb\u5b78\u7fd2\u3002\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u9818\u609f\u5175\u6cd5\u7684\u771f\u9ad3\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u52e4\u4fee\u82e6\u7df4\uff0c\u5b78\u7fd2\u5404\u7a2e\u5404\u6a23\u7684\u528d\u62db\u3001\u67b6\u52e2\u3001\u773c\u6cd5\uff0c\u63a2\u7a76\u4e00\u5207\u528d\u6cd5\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f \u201c\u683c\u7269\u201d \u3002\u7136\u5f8c\uff0c\u7576\u4f60\u719f\u8b58\u4e86\u528d\u6cd5\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u62db\u5f0f\u548c\u77e5\u8b58\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u5fd8\u6389\u6240\u5b78\u7684\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u6452\u68c4\u6240\u6709\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u5230\u9054\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7121\u7269\u7684\u5883\u754c\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f \u201c\u77e5\u81f3\u201d \u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7cbe\u795e\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7576\u4f60\u5728\u4e0d\u65b7\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u548c\u4fee\u884c\u4e2d\u6f38\u6709\u6240\u6210\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u80fd\u628a\u6240\u5b78\u5230\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u878d\u6703\u8cab\u901a\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u4f60\u505a\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u8d85\u8d8a\u4efb\u4f55\u675f\u7e1b\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u53ea\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u624b\u3001\u8173\u548c\u8eab\u9ad4\u5728\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u800c\u5fc3\u4e2d\u537b\u7a7a\u7a7a\u8569\u76ea\uff0c\u7121\u6240\u639b\u727d\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u9054\u5230\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u7a7a\u660e\u7684\u5fc3\u5883\uff0c\u4f60\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5fc3\u70ba\u4f55\u7269\u3002\u5b78\u7fd2\u7684\u6700\u7d42\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u9054\u5230\u9019\u7a2e\u6975\u81f4\u7684\u5883\u754c\u3002\u5fd8\u5b78\uff0c\u68c4\u5fc3\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u548c\u5927\u9053\u878d\u901a\u70ba\u4e00\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u9053\u201d\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u5883\u754c\u3002\u9019\u500b\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5f9e \u201c\u5b78\u201d \u9032\u5165 \u201c\u7121\u5b78\u201d \u7684\u968e\u6bb5\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>4.3 \u60c5\u7dd2\u8207\u610f\u5fd7<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong> \u610f\u5fd7\u662f\u6307\u5167\u5fc3\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u7cbe\u795e\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u96c6\u4e2d\u5c31\u53eb\u505a\u610f\u5fd7\u3002\u5167\u5fc3\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u6d41\u9732\u5728\u5916\u5c31\u53eb\u505a\u60c5\u7dd2\u3002\u60c5\u7dd2\u53d7\u5167\u5fc3\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u652f\u914d\u548c\u6307\u63ee\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60c5\u7dd2\u904e\u65bc\u6c3e\u6feb\uff0c\u5931\u53bb\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u5c31\u5bb9\u6613\u72af\u932f\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4f60\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u7528\u610f\u5fd7\u4f86\u6291\u5236\u60c5\u7dd2\uff0c\u624d\u4e0d\u6703\u6025\u8e81\u3002\u8981\u5584\u65bc\u7528\u610f\u5fd7\u4f86\u63a7\u5236\u60c5\u7dd2\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u60c5\u6cc1\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u52d9\u5fc5\u8981\u4fdd\u6301\u93ae\u975c\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>4.4 \u8868\u8c61\u548c\u610f\u5716<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong> \u8868\u8c61\u548c\u610f\u5716\u662f\u5175\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8981\u7d20\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u6307\u9748\u6d3b\u904b\u7528\u5175\u6cd5\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5148\u7528\u5047\u8c61\u4f86\u8ff7\u60d1\u6575\u4eba\uff0c\u518d\u7528\u771f\u5be6\u884c\u52d5\u4f86\u653b\u64ca\u6575\u4eba\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u80fd\u6210\u529f\u5730\u904b\u7528\u7b56\u7565\u4f86\u8abf\u52d5\u3001\u5f15\u8a98\u6575\u4eba\uff0c\u8b93\u5c0d\u65b9\u96a8\u8457\u4f60\u7684\u610f\u9858\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u843d\u5165\u4f60\u7684\u9677\u9631\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u8d0f\u4e86\u3002\u4e00\u8a08\u4e0d\u6210\uff0c\u518d\u751f\u4e00\u8a08\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6575\u4eba\u6c92\u6709\u4e0a\u7576\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6545\u610f\u8a2d\u8a08\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u9677\u9631\u8b93\u4ed6\u8df3\u3002\u5c31\u7b97\u4f60\u7684\u8a08\u7b56\u6700\u7d42\u4e5f\u672a\u80fd\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u4ecd\u7136\u767c\u63ee\u4e86\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5728\u6b66\u58eb\u9053\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u53eb\u505a\u7528\u5175\u7684\u8b00\u7565\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u7528\u5175\u4f5c\u6230\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u8a6d\u8a50\u4e4b\u8853\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8a6d\u8853\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u80fd\u4f7f\u6575\u8ecd\u5c48\u670d\u800c\u4e0d\u7528\u9032\u884c\u4ea4\u6230\uff0c\u5247\u8a6d\u8853\u6700\u7d42\u5c31\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u771f\u5be6\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u53cd\u5176\u9053\u800c\u884c\uff0c\u4f86\u9054\u5230\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>4.5 \u6253\u8349\u9a5a\u86c7<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong> \u6253\u8349\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u9a5a\u86c7\uff0c\u63a1\u7528\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6230\u8853\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u4f7f\u6575\u4eba\u53d7\u5230\u9a5a\u5687\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5175\u6cd5\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u51fa\u5176\u4e0d\u610f\uff0c\u653b\u5176\u4e0d\u5099\uff0c\u4ee5\u63a9\u85cf\u66f4\u6df1\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5175\u6cd5\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u3002\u7576\u5c0d\u624b\u5403\u9a5a\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u5c31\u6703\u8f49\u79fb\uff0c\u5728\u884c\u52d5\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u4e0a\u5fc5\u7136\u6703\u6709\u6240\u9072\u7de9\u3002\u6709\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u666e\u901a\u7684\u59ff\u52e2\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8f15\u8f15\u62ac\u4e00\u4e0b\u624b\uff0c\u4e5f\u540c\u6a23\u80fd\u9054\u5230\u8f49\u79fb\u6575\u4eba\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u6254\u4e0b\u624b\u4e2d\u4e4b\u528d\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u8a98\u6230\u7684\u6230\u8853\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5df2\u7d93\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u7121\u528d\u7684\u771f\u8ae6\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u624b\u4e2d\u7121\u528d\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6703\u88ab\u6253\u6557\u3002\u6575\u4eba\u4e4b\u528d\uff0c\u5373\u70ba\u6211\u528d\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u53eb\u4f3a\u6a5f\u800c\u52d5\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>4.6 \u89c0\u6575\u4e4b\u6a5f<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong> \u89c0\u6575\u4e4b\u6a5f\u662f\u6307\u628a\u63e1\u6575\u4eba\u5373\u5c07\u958b\u59cb\u884c\u52d5\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u77ac\u9593\u3002\u884c\u52d5\u662f\u53d7\u85cf\u65bc\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u6216\u60c5\u7dd2\u652f\u914d\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u3002\u6e96\u78ba\u628a\u63e1\u6575\u4eba\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u6216\u60c5\u7dd2\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u505a\u51fa\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u89c0\u6575\u4e4b\u6a5f\u201d\u3002\u529b\u91cf\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u6216\u60c5\u7dd2\u5728\u5fc3\u4e2d\u96b1\u800c\u672a\u767c\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u7a31\u70ba\u201c\u6a5f\u201d\u3002\u201c\u6a5f\u201d\u5c31\u50cf\u9580\u6a1e\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u96b1\u85cf\u5728\u9580\u5f8c\u770b\u4e0d\u898b\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u770b\u5230\u5c0d\u624b\u5fc3\u88e1\u96b1\u79d8\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u4e26\u4f3a\u9593\u800c\u64ca\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u89c0\u6575\u4e4b\u6a5f\u7684\u6230\u8853\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>4.7\u8eab\u9ad4\u548c\u528d\u7684\u653b\u5b88\u539f\u5247<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong> \u7528\u4f60\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\uff0c\u4ee5\u653b\u52e2\u903c\u8fd1\u5c0d\u624b\uff0c\u800c\u8b93\u4f60\u7684\u528d\u4fdd\u6301\u5b88\u52e2\u3002\u4f60\u79fb\u52d5\u8eab\u9ad4\u3001\u624b\u8173\uff0c\u8a98\u4f7f\u4f60\u7684\u6575\u4eba\u4e3b\u52d5\u51fa\u64ca\uff0c\u4e58\u9593\u800c\u64ca\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u53d6\u52dd\u4e86\u3002\u70ba\u6b64\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u548c\u624b\u8173\u8981\u8655\u65bc\u653b\u52e2\uff0c\u800c\u528d\u8981\u8655\u65bc\u5b88\u52e2\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u8b93\u4f60\u7684\u5c0d\u624b\u5148\u51fa\u64ca\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u523b\u610f\u5411\u9632\u5b88\u4e4b\u6575\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u5ff5\u982d\uff0c\u85c9\u4ee5\u5bdf\u89ba\u6575\u4eba\u5167\u5fc3\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u9019\u7a2e\u5fc3\u614b\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u53d6\u52dd\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7576\u4f60\u7528\u5404\u7a2e\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4f86\u6d1e\u5bdf\u9632\u5b88\u4e2d\u6575\u4eba\u7684\u52d5\u5411\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u4e0d\u8996\u800c\u8996 &#8212; \u4f3c\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u5728\u770b\uff0c\u800c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u537b\u662f\u5728\u89c0\u5bdf\u3002\u4e0d\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u9ede\u758f\u5ffd\uff0c\u773c\u795e\u4e0d\u8981\u53ea\u96c6\u4e2d\u65bc\u67d0\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u8981\u5feb\u901f\u79fb\u52d5\u773c\u775b\uff0c\u6d41\u89c0\u56db\u5468\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> \u53e4\u8a69\u4e91:\u201c\u53ea\u5077\u773c\u4e00\u77a5\uff0c\u873b\u8712\u9003\u96e2\u4e86\u4f2f\u52de\u7684\u5229\u5599\u201d\u3002\u873b\u8712\u56e0\u70ba\u5077\u77a5\u5230\u4e86\u4f2f\u52de\u9ce5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ca\u6642\u9003\u8d70\u4e86\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fc5\u901f\u800c\u96b1\u79d8\u7684\u4e00\u7aba\u4e2d\uff0c\u6e96\u78ba\u5730\u5bdf\u77e5\u5c0d\u624b\u7684\u52d5\u5411\u3002\u8981\u505a\u5230\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u9808\u4fdd\u6301\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u7684\u9023\u7e8c\u96c6\u4e2d\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>4.8 \u8046\u807d\u98a8\u8072\u548c\u6c34\u8072<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong> \u9019\u662f\u6307\u628a\u9032\u653b\u4e4b\u5fc3\uff0c\u63a9\u85cf\u5728\u5e73\u975c\u7684\u5916\u8868\u4e0b\u3002\u98a8\u7121\u8072\u7121\u606f\u5730\u5f9e\u4e0a\u7a7a\u63a0\u904e\uff0c\u7576\u5b83\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u67d0\u4e9b\u6771\u897f\u7684\u963b\u64cb\u6642\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6a39\u6797\u3001\u7af9\u6797\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u767c\u51fa\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u5486\u54ee\u3002\u6c34\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u540c\u6a23\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u8072\u97f3\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u7576\u5b83\u98db\u7009\u800c\u4e0b\uff0c\u649e\u64ca\u5ca9\u77f3\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u8f5f\u7136\u4f5c\u97ff\u3002\u95dc\u9375\u4e4b\u9ede\u5728\u65bc\u5916\u8868\u4fdd\u6301\u93ae\u5b9a\u5e73\u975c\uff0c\u5167\u5fc3\u537b\u53d6\u9032\u653b\u4e4b\u610f\u3002\u8868\u9762\u51b7\u975c\u6c89\u8457\uff0c\u5167\u5fc3\u537b\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6212\u5099\u3002\u201c\u653b\u3001\u5b88\u201d\u61c9\u6210\u5c0d\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u4e00\u5728\u5167\uff0c\u4e00\u5728\u5916\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ea\u53d6\u4e00\u7a2e\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u9019\u6b63\u5982\u9670\u967d\u4e4b\u4ea4\u66ff\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5728\u5167\u5fc3\u4e2d\uff0c\u8981\u5145\u5206\u8abf\u52d5\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u96c6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5916\u8868\u537b\u4f9d\u7136\u93ae\u5b9a\u6c89\u8457\u3002\u5167\u967d\u5916\u9670\uff0c\u5167\u52d5\u5916\u975c\u3002\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5728\u6fc0\u70c8\u722d\u9b25\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5728\u7a4d\u6975\u9032\u653b\u7684\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5167\u5fc3\u7684\u93ae\u975c\u6c89\u8457\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u5167\u5fc3\u4e16\u754c\u5c31\u4e0d\u6703\u53d7\u5916\u5728\u884c\u52d5\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u5c31\u4e0d\u6703\u904e\u65bc\u72c2\u4e82\uff0c\u5931\u53bb\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e00\u65e6\u683c\u9b25\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u4f60\u5fc5\u9808\u8b93\u4f60\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u8eab\u9ad4\u548c\u8173\u90fd\u8655\u65bc\u9032\u653b\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u800c\u8b93\u4f60\u7684\u624b\u8655\u65bc\u9632\u5b88\u72c0\u614b\u3002\u4f60\u8981\u5bc6\u5207\u6ce8\u610f\u4e00\u5207\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u505a\u5230\u201c\u9245\u7d30\u7121\u907a\u201d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u51b7\u975c\u5730\u89c0\u5bdf\u5468\u570d\u5f62\u52e2\uff0c\u4f60\u6240\u5b78\u7684\u528d\u8853\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u5145\u5206\u5730\u767c\u63ee\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>4.9 \u75c5\u8207\u53bb\u75c5<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong> \u201c\u75c5\u201d\u662f\u6307\u56f0\u64fe\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u7d1b\u4e82\u4e4b\u5ff5\u3002\u8003\u616e\u8a72\u5982\u4f55\u53d6\u52dd\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u7528\u5175\u6cd5\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u7528\u5b78\u904e\u7684\u528d\u62db\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u9032\u653b\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u9632\u5b88\u7684\u5fc3\u601d\u90fd\u662f\u75c5\uff0c\u800c\u8003\u616e\u8a72\u5982\u4f55\u514b\u670d\u81ea\u6211\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u53bb\u9664\u9019\u7a2e\u7a2e\u8ff7\u4e82\u4e4b\u5fc3\u7684\u5ff5\u982d\uff0c\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u75c5\u3002\u7e3d\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5fc3\u601d\u6eef\u6b62\u65bc\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u7269\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u75c5\u201d\u3002\u6211\u5011\u8981\u505a\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u4fee\u7149\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5fc3\u9748\uff0c\u53bb\u9664\u7a2e\u7a2e\u7169\u60f1\u3001\u6182\u616e\u3001\u57f7\u8457\u4e4b\u5ff5\uff0c\u5fd8\u537b\u4e00\u5207\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u9054\u5230\u5fc3\u7684\u7d55\u5c0d\u81ea\u7531\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8220;\u4ee5\u5ff5\u53bb\u5ff5\uff0c\u4ee5\u57f7\u8457\u53bb\u57f7\u8457\uff0c\u4ee5\u6954\u51fa\u6954&#8221;\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u201c\u53bb\u75c5\u201d\u7684\u521d\u7d1a\u968e\u6bb5\u3002\u523b\u610f\u63a7\u5236\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u53bb\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u53bb\u9664\u7a2e\u7a2e\u7d1b\u4e82\u4e4b\u5fc3\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u201c\u5ff5\u201d\uff0c\u60f3\u8981\u514b\u670d\u7a2e\u7a2e\u201c\u5fc3\u75c5\u201d\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u601d\u60f3\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u60f3\u8981\u201c\u53bb\u75c5\u201d\u7684\u5fc3\u601d\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u201c\u5ff5\u201d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u4ee5\u5ff5\u53bb\u5ff5\u3002\u7576\u4f60\u53bb\u9664\u4e86\u5404\u7a2e\u201c\u5ff5\u201d\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u9032\u5165\u4e86\u201c\u7121\u5ff5\u201d\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u3002\u7576\u4f60\u7528\u53bb\u5ff5\u4e4b\u60f3\u53bb\u9664\u4e86\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7684\u96dc\u5ff5\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u96dc\u5ff5\u548c\u53bb\u5ff5\u4e4b\u60f3\u5c31\u90fd\u6d88\u5931\u4e86\u3002\u523b\u610f\u201c\u53bb\u75c5\u201d\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u57f7\u8457\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7528\u9019\u7a2e\u57f7\u8457\u4f86\u9664\u53bb\u4e86\u201c\u75c5\u201d\uff0c\u57f7\u8457\u4e5f\u5c31\u6d88\u5931\u4e86\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u53eb\u201c\u4ee5\u57f7\u8457\u53bb\u57f7\u8457\u201d\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5728\u53bb\u75c5\u7684\u9ad8\u7d1a\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u53bb\u75c5\u800c\u7121\u53bb\u75c5\u4e4b\u5ff5\u3002\u60f3\u8981\u201c\u53bb\u75c5\u201d\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u201c\u75c5\u201d\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u6709\u7a2e\u7a2e\u96dc\u5ff5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u5c0d\u5176\u4e0d\u4ee5\u70ba\u610f\uff0c\u5c31\u9054\u5230\u4e86\u201c\u7121\u5ff5\u201d\u7684\u5883\u754c\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e00\u500b\u9ad8\u624b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\u53bb\u9664\u5c0d\u6280\u5de7\u7684\u57f7\u8457\u4e4b\u5ff5\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u7a31\u70ba\u5927\u5e2b\u3002\u5875\u571f\u6703\u9644\u8457\u65bc\u672a\u7d93\u7422\u78e8\u7684\u5bf6\u77f3\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7d93\u904e\u7cbe\u5fc3\u6253\u78e8\u7684\u5bf6\u77f3\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u843d\u5728\u721b\u6ce5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u7121\u640d\u5b83\u7684\u5149\u5f69\u3002\u990a\u8b77\u5fc3\u667a\uff0c\u6253\u78e8\u4f60\u5fc3\u9748\u7684\u5bf6\u77f3\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u4e0d\u53d7\u5916\u7269\u7684\u6cbe\u67d3\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>4.10 \u5e73\u5e38\u5fc3\u662f\u9053<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong> \u79aa\u5b97\u5927\u5fb7\u90fd\u6559\u5c0e: \u201c\u5e73\u5e38\u5fc3\u662f\u9053&#8221; \u662f\u609f\u9053\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u5883\u754c\u3002\u9054\u5230\u4e86\u201c\u5e73\u5e38\u5fc3\u662f\u9053\u201d\u7684\u5883\u754c\uff0c\u5fc3\u4e2d\u4e00\u5207\u9020\u4f5c\u3001\u662f\u975e\u3001\u53d6\u6368\u3001\u6b32\u6c42\u7b49\u7a2e\u7a2e\u96dc\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e00\u6383\u800c\u7a7a\u4e86\u3002\u4e16\u9593\u4e4b\u4e8b\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e73\u5e38\u5fc3\u5f85\u4e4b\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u9054\u5230\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u52dd\u5883\u3002\u5047\u8a2d\u4f60\u6b63\u5728\u642d\u5f13\u5c04\u7bad\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u8457\u4f60\u662f\u5728\u5c04\u7bad\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u7bad\u5c31\u6703\u8b8a\u5f97\u4e0d\u7a69\u3002\u540c\u6a23\uff0c\u7576\u4f60\u63ee\u528d\u6642\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u662f\u5728\u6709\u610f\u8b58\u5730\u63ee\u528d\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u9032\u653b\u5c31\u6703\u4e0d\u7a69\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5728\u5f48\u7434\u6642\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u5728\u5f48\u594f\uff0c\u7434\u8072\u5c31\u6703\u8d70\u8abf\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5982\u679c\u5f13\u7bad\u624b\u5728\u5c04\u7bad\u6642\uff0c\u80fd\u9054\u5230\u201c\u5fd8\u5c04\u201d\u7684\u5883\u754c\uff0c\u4ee5\u201c\u5e73\u5e38\u5fc3\u201d\u5c04\u7bad\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4ec0\u9ebc\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u70ba\uff0c\u5f13\u5c31\u6703\u8b8a\u5f97\u5e73\u7a69\u4e86\u3002\u82e5\u80fd\u4ee5\u201c\u5e73\u5e38\u5fc3\u201d\u5c0d\u5f85\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u8b8a\u5f97\u5bb9\u6613\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u60df\u6709\u9054\u5230\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7a7a\u7121\u4e00\u7269\u7684\u5883\u754c\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u201c\u609f\u9053\u201d\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u505a\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u4ee5\u7a7a\u660e\u4e4b\u5fc3\u70ba\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u80fd\u8f15\u800c\u6613\u8209\u4e86\u3002\u9019\u548c\u93e1\u5b50\u7167\u7269\u7684\u9053\u7406\u662f\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u93e1\u5b50\u7684\u53cd\u5c04\u662f\u900f\u660e\u7121\u5f62\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u624d\u80fd\u7e96\u6beb\u7121\u5dee\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u842c\u7269\u7684\u5f71\u50cf\u3002\u609f\u9053\u4e4b\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u5fc3\u6b63\u5982\u660e\u93e1\uff0c\u7a7a\u660e\u7d14\u6de8\uff0c\u7121\u601d\u7121\u60f3\u537b\u80fd\u52dd\u4efb\u4e00\u5207\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7121\u8ad6\u4f60\u8981\u505a\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u5148\u5b58\u6709\u505a\u6b64\u4e4b\u60f3\uff0c\u800c\u523b\u610f\u70ba\u4e4b\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u9054\u5230\u5fc3\u9748\u7684\u548c\u8ae7\u3002\u6642\u6642\u7a4d\u529f\u4fee\u7fd2\uff0c\u52ff\u5b58\u901f\u6210\u4e4b\u5fc3\uff0c\u7121\u5fc3\u800c\u505a\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u70ba\uff0c\u6f38\u5165\u5316\u5883\u3002\u5230\u6b64\u6642\uff0c\u4f60\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u77e5\u81ea\u5df1\u70ba\u8ab0\uff0c\u8eab\u9ad4\u3001\u624b\u3001\u8db3\u96d6\u52d5\uff0c\u5fc3\u537b\u7d72\u6beb\u4e0d\u52d5\u3002\u9054\u5230\u4e86\u9019\u4e00\u5883\u754c\uff0c\u5c31\u518d\u7121\u5931\u624b\u4e4b\u6642\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">\u9f90\u5c45\u58eb\u8a69\u4e91:<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>\u4f46\u81ea\u7121\u5fc3\u65bc\u842c\u7269\uff0c\u4f55\u59a8\u842c\u7269\u5e38\u570d\u7e5e\uff1b\u9435\u725b\u4e0d\u6015\u7345\u5b50\u543c\uff0c\u6070\u4f3c\u6728\u4eba\u898b\u82b1\u9ce5\u3002<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong> \u6728\u4eba\u672c\u9ad4\u81ea\u7121\u60c5\uff0c\u82b1\u9ce5\u9022\u4eba\u4ea6\u4e0d\u9a5a\uff1b\u5fc3\u5883\u5982\u5982\u53ea\u906e\u662f\uff0c\u4f55\u616e\u83e9\u63d0\u9053\u4e0d\u6210\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6728\u4eba\u96d6\u7136\u770b\u898b\u4e86\u82b1\u9ce5\uff0c\u5fc3\u795e\u537b\u4e0d\u6703\u70ba\u82b1\u9ce5\u6240\u8a98\u3002\u6728\u4eba\u672c\u7121\u5fc3\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u81ea\u7136\u80fd\u4e0d\u53d7\u5916\u754c\u7684\u8a98\u60d1\uff0c<\/strong><strong>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u80fd\u898b\u82b1\u800c\u7121\u898b\u82b1\u4e4b\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u9054\u5230\u4e86\u201c\u6728\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u5883\u754c\u3002\u8981\u505a\u5230\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u95dc\u9375\u662f\u8981\u4ee5\u201c\u5e73\u5e38\u5fc3\u201d\u9ad4\u8a8d\u6e05\u6de8\u672c\u5fc3\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5e73\u5e38\u5fc3\u5c31\u662f\u898b\u842c\u7269\u800c\u4e0d\u8d77\u610f\u3002\u5373\u91d1\u525b\u7d93\u6240\u8aaa: &#8220;\u61c9\u7121\u6240\u4f4f\u800c\u751f\u5176\u5fc3&#8221;\u3002\u82e5\u68c4\u5e73\u5e38\u5fc3\uff0c\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u4ee5\u5404\u7a2e\u6709\u610f\u8b58\u4e4b\u5fc3\uff0c\u5247\u5f62\u96a8\u5883\u79fb\uff0c\u5fc3\u9010\u5883\u8f49\uff0c\u842c\u7269\u7686\u975e\uff0c\u672c\u4f86\u9762\u76ee\uff0c\u898b\u5c71\u975e\u5c71\uff0c\u898b\u6c34\u975e\u6c34\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>4.11 \u81ea\u7531\u5fc3<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong> \u4e2d\u5cf0\u660e\u672c\u5927\u5e2b\u66fe\u8aaa\u8981\u201c\u6536\u653e\u5fc3\u201d\u3002\u9019\u53e5\u8a71\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u521d\u7d1a\u548c\u9ad8\u7d1a\u5169\u500b\u968e\u6bb5\u3002\u7576\u4f60\u8b93\u5fc3\u96e2\u958b\u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u6703\u505c\u7559\u5728\u5b83\u6240\u53bb\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u968e\u6bb5\u662f\u7df4\u7fd2\u6536\u5fc3\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u80fd\u628a\u5fc3\u6536\u56de\u4f86\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4e0d\u6703\u6eef\u7559\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u7576\u4f60\u653b\u51fa\u4e00\u528d\u6642\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u5fc3\u5c31\u6703\u727d\u639b\u8457\u4f60\u525b\u653b\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u64ca\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u88e1\u6240\u8981\u6559\u4f60\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u628a\u5b83\u6536\u56de\u4f86\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u9ad8\u7d1a\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u4f60\u7684\u5fc3\u4efb\u610f\u904a\u8d70\uff0c\u537b\u4e0d\u6703\u99d0\u7559\u548c\u727d\u7919\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5730\u65b9\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u771f\u6b63\u64c1\u6709\u6e05\u6de8\u5fc3\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u6703\u523b\u610f\u5730\u53bb\u6de8\u5316\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u8eab\u3001\u8a00\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u6df7\u5728\u4fd7\u4e16\u7684\u5875\u57c3\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u7167\u6a23\u4e0d\u6703\u88ab\u6c61\u67d3\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u6574\u5929\u90fd\u5f88\u6d3b\u8e8d\uff0c\u5fc3\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6703\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u52d5\u6416\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u6708\u4eae\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u5012\u5f71\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u6709\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u842c\u500b\u6d6a\u982d\u6253\u904e\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6703\u6709\u7d72\u6beb\u79fb\u52d5\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>\u4e94\u3001\u300a\u5175\u6cd5\u5bb6\u50b3\u66f8\u300b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5377 : \u6d3b\u4eba\u528d<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>5.1 \u5bdf\u60c5<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong> \u5373\u4f7f\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u767e\u7a2e\u59ff\u52e2\u548c\u528d\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f46\u85c9\u4ee5\u53d6\u52dd\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u5728\u65bc\u660e\u5bdf\u6575\u60c5\u3002\u4f60\u6240\u8981\u8003\u616e\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u5c0d\u624b\u7684\u5fc3\u614b\u548c\u52d5\u975c\u3002\u7e31\u7136\u6575\u4eba\u6709\u767e\u7a2e\u59ff\u614b\uff0c\u800c\u4f60\u4ea6\u6709\u767e\u7a2e\u59ff\u614b\uff0c\u90fd\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u660e\u5bdf\u6575\u60c5\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7576\u4e8b\u7269\u986f\u800c\u6613\u898b\u6642\uff0c\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u201c\u6709\u201d\uff1b\u7576\u4e8b\u7269\u96b1\u800c\u4e0d\u898b\u6642\uff0c\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u201c\u7121\u201d\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u96b1\u3001\u73fe\u7684\u201c\u6709\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7121\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u5bdf\u60c5\u201d\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u770b\u898b\u201c\u6709\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u201c\u7121\u201d\u3002\u5728\u201c\u5bdf\u60c5\u201d\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5247\u65e2\u770b\u898b\u4e86\u201c\u6709\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u770b\u898b\u4e86\u201c\u7121\u201d\u3002\u201c\u6709\u3001\u7121\u201d\u662f\u4e26\u5b58\u7684\u3002\u6709\u6642\u5c31\u201c\u6709\u201d\u800c\u64ca\uff0c\u7121\u6642\u96a8\u201c\u7121\u201d\u800c\u6253\u3002\u4e0d\u5f85\u201c\u6709\u201d\u800c\u64ca\u201c\u7121\u201d\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f85\u201c\u7121\u201d\u800c\u64ca\u201c\u6709\u201d\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> \u8001\u5b50\u8aaa:\u201c \u6545\u5e38\u7121\uff0c\u6b32\u4ee5\u89c0\u5176\u5999\uff1b\u5e38\u6709\uff0c\u6b32\u4ee5\u89c0\u5176\u5fbc\u201d\u3002 \u201c\u6709\u201d\u662f\u6c38\u9060\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u201c\u7121\u201d\u4e5f\u662f\u6c38\u9060\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002\u7576\u201c\u6709\u201d\u88ab\u201c\u96b1\u85cf\u201d\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u7121\u201d\uff1b\u7576\u201c\u7121\u201d\u88ab\u201c\u986f\u793a\u201d\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u6210\u70ba\u4e86\u201c\u6709\u201d\u3002 \u201c\u6709\u7121\u201d\u53ea\u662f\u8868\u73fe\u70ba\u201c\u986f\u96b1\u201d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u662f\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u3002\u5982\u6708\u7f3a\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u660e\u8005\u70ba\u6709\uff0c\u6697\u8005\u70ba\u7121\u3002 \u201c\u6709\u3001\u7121\u201d\u90fd\u662f\u6c38\u9060\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u201c\u624b\u63e1\u5229\u528d\u201d\u540c\u6a23\u4e5f\u6709\u201c\u6709\u3001\u7121\u201d\u4e4b\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u79d8\u50b3\uff0c\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u201c\u5bdf\u60c5\u201d\u3002\u7576\u4f60\u628a\u624b\u85cf\u8d77\u4f86\u6642\uff0c\u5247\u201c\u6709\u201d\u96a8\u4e4b\u96b1\uff1b\u7576\u4f60\u5c07\u624b\u638c\u671d\u5929\u6642\uff0c\u5247\u201c\u7121\u201d\u96a8\u4e4b\u73fe\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u80fd\u660e\u5bdf\u6230\u9b25\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u6709\u3001\u7121\u201d\uff0c\u7e31\u4f7f\u4f60\u628a\u767e\u7a2e\u528d\u6280\u90fd\u7528\u5f97\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7121\u7f3a\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d6\u52dd\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7576\u4f60\u4f69\u528d\u6642\uff0c\u4f60\u61c9\u8a72\u628a\u5b83\u4f5c\u70ba\u975c\u6b62\u7684\u528d\u4f86\u4f69\u6234\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5b83\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u812b\u96e2\u975c\u6b62\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u7f6e\u65bc\u5de6\u908a\u9084\u662f\u53f3\u908a\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u5c31\u9084\u662f\u201c\u528d\u201d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u6575\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u201c\u975c\u6b62\u4e4b\u528d\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u528d\u201d\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u5c31\u61c9\u8a72\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u201c\u770b\u201d\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u660e\u5bdf\u975c\u6b62\u4e4b\u528d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f60\u624d\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u653b\u64ca\u6216\u9632\u79a6\u3002\u5728\u528d\u975c\u6b62\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u4f60\u80fd\u5c07\u7cbe\u795e\u5b89\u9813\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u8209\u624b\u6295\u8db3\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u7a2e\u7a2e\u5947\u8e5f\u5c31\u6703\u81ea\u7136\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u5728\u6230\u9b25\u4e2d\u958b\u82b1\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u7cbe\u795e\u662f\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u4e3b\u4eba\u3002\u5167\u5728\u7684\u795e\u652f\u914d\u5916\u5728\u7684\u601d\uff0c\u800c\u5916\u5728\u7684\u601d\uff0c\u53c8\u652f\u914d\u8457\u7cbe\u529b\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5c0d\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4eba\u5728\u4f60\u773c\u524d\u63ee\u821e\u4e00\u6a23\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u90fd\u6703\u60c5\u4e0d\u81ea\u7981\u5730\u7728\u773c\u3002\u9019\u662f\u6b63\u5e38\u53cd\u61c9\u3002\u9019\u6642\u7684\u201c\u7728\u773c\u201d\u4e26\u4e0d\u8868\u793a\u201c\u4e82\u201d\u3002\u6545\u610f\u5730\u6291\u5236\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u7728\u773c\u8868\u660e\u4f60\u7684\u5fc3\u795e\u6bd4\u7728\u773c\u66f4\u53d7\u64fe\u4e82\u3002\u4e0d\u53d7\u52d5\u6416\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u5e72\u64fe\u7684\u5fc3\u624d\u662f\u5e73\u5e38\u5fc3\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\u6771\u897f\u5728\u773c\u524d\u6643\u52d5\uff0c\u4f60\u7728\u773c\uff0c\u9019\u624d\u662f\u4e0d\u88ab\u5e72\u64fe\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u3002\u52aa\u529b\u514b\u5236\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u52d5\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u5df2\u7d93\u662f\u52d5\u4e86\u3002\u79fb\u52d5\u624d\u662f\u4e0d\u88ab\u52d5\u6416\u7684\u539f\u5247\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7b2c\u4e00\u539f\u5247 &#8212; \u906d\u9047\u6575\u624b\u6642\u7684\u5fc3\u614b\uff0c\u624b\u7121\u5175\u5668\u6642\u9762\u5c0d\u653b\u4f86\u7684\u9577\u77db\u6642\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u539f\u5247\u201d\u662f\u76e1\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u53d7\u5e72\u64fe\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7368\u7acb\u3002\u4f60\u5167\u5fc3\u61c9\u6e05\u9192\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u96aa\u60e1\u7684\u5f62\u52e2\uff0c\u5168\u795e\u8cab\u6ce8\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u6beb\u7121\u9632\u5099\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u6575\u4eba\u7684\u6253\u64ca\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u6575\u4eba\u7684\u5175\u5668\u5e7e\u4e4e\u5c31\u8981\u53ca\u8eab\uff0c\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u9032\u5165\u5230\u4f60\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u7bc4\u570d\u4e4b\u5167\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u6a23\u9762\u5c0d\u9762\u7684\u683c\u9b25\u4e2d\uff0c\u96c6\u4e2d\u81ea\u5df1\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u89c0\u5bdf\u6575\u624b\u7684\u5fc3\u614b\u548c\u52d5\u975c\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u5200\uff1b\u96a8\u8457\u6575\u4eba\u51fa\u528d\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\u800c\u64ca\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5200\u3002\u7528\u773c\u775b\u611f\u77e5\u7a31\u201c\u770b\u201d\uff0c\u7528\u5fc3\u611f\u77e5\u7a31\u4f5c\u201c\u89c0\u201d\uff1b\u5b83\u4ee3\u8868\u5167\u5fc3\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u8207\u601d\u8003\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>5.2 \u201c\u975c\u6b62\u4e4b\u528d\u201d: \u5fc3\u50cf\u6c34\u4e2d\u6708\uff0c\u8eab\u5982\u93e1\u4e2d\u5f71\u3002<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong> \u6c34\u6620\u6708\u5f71\uff0c\u93e1\u7167\u4eba\u5f62\u3002\u8868\u4e8b\u7269\u5728\u4eba\u5fc3\u88e1\u7684\u6295\u5f71\uff0c\u5c31\u548c\u6708\u4eae\u5728\u6c34\u88e1\u7684\u6295\u5f71\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u662f\u77ac\u9593\u7684\u53cd\u6620\u3002\u975c\u6b62\u4e4b\u528d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5c31\u5f77\u4f5b\u6c34\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u4f60\u7684\u5fc3\u53ef\u6bd4\u70ba\u6708\u4eae\u3002\u975c\u6b62\u4e4b\u528d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u61c9\u80fd\u6620\u51fa\u5fc3\u4e4b\u5f71\u3002\u5fc3\u52d5\uff0c\u5f62\u52d5\uff0c\u5f62\u96a8\u5fc3\u52d5\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u975c\u6b62\u4e4b\u528d\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u4f5c\u93e1\u5b50\u3002\u8eab\u9ad4\u4f9d\u975c\u6b62\u4e4b\u528d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u800c\u79fb\u52d5\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u93e1\u5b50\u4e00\u822c\u3002\u9075\u5faa\u9019\u689d\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u624b\u8db3\u5c31\u4e0d\u6703\u6f0f\u904e\u975c\u6b62\u4e4b\u528d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6708\u6620\u65bc\u6c34\u662f\u5728\u77ac\u9593\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\u3002\u4e8b\u7269\u5728\u4eba\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7684\u53cd\u6620\uff0c\u4e5f\u50cf\u6708\u6620\u65bc\u6c34\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u662f\u77ac\u9593\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\u3002\u5fc3\u548c\u6708\u6620\u65bc\u6c34\u3001\u7269\u7167\u65bc\u93e1\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u77ac\u9593\u4e4b\u4e8b\u3002\u5728\u5175\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u61c9\u8a72\u6642\u523b\u8b93\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5fc3\u79fb\u5230\u9069\u5408\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u6708\u4eae\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u6295\u4e0b\u5012\u5f71\u3002\u5fc3\u52d5\uff0c\u5f62\u52d5\uff1b\u4e00\u65e6\u8207\u5c0d\u624b\u906d\u9047\uff0c\u8eab\u9ad4\u5c31\u61c9\u8a72\u79fb\u5230\u9069\u5408\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u93e1\u4e4b\u6620\u5c04\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5fc3\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e8b\u5148\u505a\u597d\u6e96\u5099\uff0c\u8eab\u9ad4\u662f\u4e0d\u6703\u52d5\u7684\u3002\u5c31\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u662f\u201c\u6c34\u4e2d\u4e4b\u6708\u201d\uff1b\u4ee5\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u662f\u201c\u975c\u6b62\u4e4b\u528d\u201d\u3002\u5169\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u8eab\u9ad4\u3001\u624b\u8db3\u7684\u79fb\u52d5\uff0c\u610f\u7fa9\u662f\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>5.3 \u6536\u5fc3<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong> \u6536\u5fc3\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u628a\u5fc3\u601d\u53ca\u6642\u6536\u56de\uff0c\u4e0d\u8b93\u5b83\u9017\u7559\u5728\u4f60\u64ca\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u628a\u5fc3\u6536\u56de\u4f86\uff0c\u96c6\u4e2d\u8a3b\u610f\u529b\uff0c\u89c0\u5bdf\u6575\u4eba\u7684\u52d5\u975c\u3002\u7576\u4f60\u523a\u51fa\u4e00\u528d\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u8457\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7d93\u64ca\u4e2d\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u5fc3\u5c31\u56e0\u70ba\u60e6\u8a18\u8457\u9019\u500b\u5ff5\u982d\u800c\u505c\u6eef\u4e0d\u52d5\uff1b\u82e5\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u5fc3\u601d\u5f9e\u525b\u624d\u90a3\u4e00\u528d\u4e0a\u6536\u56de\u4f86\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u8b8a\u5f97\u5fc3\u4e0d\u5728\u7109\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u88ab\u5c0d\u624b\u7684\u56de\u64ca\u6240\u64ca\u4e2d\u3002\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u4f60\u96d6\u7136\u4e3b\u52d5\u767c\u8d77\u9032\u653b\uff0c\u4e5f\u6703\u56e0\u53d7\u5230\u5c0d\u624b\u7684\u6709\u529b\u56de\u64ca\u800c\u5931\u6557\u3002\u7576\u4f60\u523a\u51fa\u4e00\u528d\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u628a\u4f60\u7684\u5fc3\u795e\u99d0\u7559\u5728\u4f60\u64ca\u51fa\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff1b\u51fa\u62db\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u53ca\u6642\u6536\u5fc3\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u89c0\u5bdf\u6575\u4eba\u7684\u8209\u52d5\u3002\u7576\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u4e2d\u62db\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u6703\u8b8a\u5f97\u61a4\u6012\u8d77\u4f86\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u88ab\u6fc0\u6012\uff0c\u6575\u4eba\u5c31\u6703\u66f4\u52a0\u5147\u731b\uff1b\u9019\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6709\u7d72\u6beb\u758f\u5ffd\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u88ab\u6575\u4eba\u64ca\u4e2d\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e0d\u59a8\u628a\u88ab\u64ca\u4e2d\u7684\u6575\u4eba\u770b\u6210\u4e00\u982d\uff0c\u6012\u9aee\u885d\u51a0\u7684\u91ce\u718a\u3002\u7576\u4f60\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u64ca\u4e2d\u6575\u4eba\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u72af\u4e86\u5fcc\u8af1\uff0c\u8b93\u5fc3\u601d\u9017\u7559\u5728\u5df2\u7d93\u767c\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e0a\u9762\u4e86\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u6703\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u6e19\u6563\u3002\u4f60\u61c9\u7576\u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6575\u4eba\u88ab\u64ca\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5167\u5fc3\u53cd\u64ca\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u5c31\u6703\u6fc0\u767c\u51fa\u4f86\u3002\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e00\u5b9a\u6703\u500d\u52a0\u8b66\u60d5\uff0c\u7d55\u4e0d\u9858\u610f\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4f4d\u7f6e\u88ab\u64ca\u4e2d\u5169\u6b21\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u518d\u50cf\u525b\u624d\u90a3\u6a23\u9032\u653b\uff0c\u80af\u5b9a\u6703\u5931\u7b97\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6c92\u80fd\u64ca\u4e2d\u6575\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u6703\u596e\u8d77\u53cd\u64ca\uff0c\u4f7f\u4f60\u4e2d\u62db\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>5.4 \u8ad6\u5168\u90e8\u53bb\u9664\u3001\u7a7a\u3001\u898b\u5fc3<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong> \u201c\u5168\u90e8\u53bb\u9664\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u5fb9\u5e95\u53bb\u9664\u6240\u6709\u201c\u75c5\u201d\u3002 \u201c\u75c5\u201d\u662f\u6307\u5fc3\u4e4b\u6eef\u7559\u4e00\u8655\uff0c\u201c\u57f7\u8457\u201d\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> \u8981\u5728\u75c5\u5ff5\u8972\u4f86\u7684\u4e00\u524e\u90a3\u9593\u5c07\u4e4b\u5168\u90e8\u53bb\u9664\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u201c\u7a7a\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u96b1\u8a9e\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u6575\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u3002\u5fc3\u7121\u5f62\u7121\u8cea\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u201c\u7a7a\u201d\u3002\u770b\u898b\u201c\u7a7a\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u770b\u5230\u6575\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u3002 \u201c\u898b\u5fc3\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u5c0d\u624b\u7684\u5fc3\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u904e\u4ed6\u63e1\u528d\u7684\u624b\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u4f86\u3002\u6211\u5011\u8981\u505a\u7684\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u5c0d\u624b\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u79fb\u52d5\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5c31\u5c0d\u4ed6\u767c\u8d77\u653b\u64ca\u3002\u201c\u5fb9\u5e95\u53bb\u9664\u201d\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u770b\u5230\u5c07\u767c\u672a\u767c\u7684\u77ac\u9593\u3002\u95dc\u9375\u5728\u65bc\u8981\u7acb\u523b\u64ef\u68c4\u4e00\u5207\u201c\u75c5\u201d\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u932f\u904e\u201c\u7a7a\u201d\u3002\u5c0d\u624b\u7684\u5fc3\u5c31\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u624b\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u6703\u901a\u904e\u624b\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u4f86\u3002\u4e58\u5b83\u5011\u9084\u8655\u65bc\u975c\u6b62\u4e4b\u6642\u653b\u64ca\u5b83\u5011\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u53eb\u201c\u64ca\u7a7a\u201d\u3002 \u201c\u64ca\u7a7a\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u5728\u5176\u79fb\u52d5\u4e4b\u524d\u8fc5\u901f\u51fa\u64ca\u3002\u5728\u5c0d\u624b\u7684\u5fc3\u5df2\u7d93\u5f62\u8af8\u65bc\u624b\u3001\u4f46\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u6709\u6240\u52d5\u6642\u5c31\u9032\u884c\u653b\u64ca\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7576\u4eba\u5011\u958b\u609f\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u505a\u7684\u6bcf\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u4e86\u7576\u7684\u3002\u76f4\u5fc3\u5c31\u7a31\u70ba\u672c\u5fc3\u3001\u9053\u5fc3\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\u7387\u76f4\u4e4b\u5fc3\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u3001\u624b\u8db3\u4e0d\u80fd\u64da\u6b64\u800c\u52d5\uff0c\u6280\u8853\u5c31\u7121\u6cd5\u81fb\u65bc\u5316\u5883\u3002\u5728\u5175\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u609f\u9053\u662f\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u7121\u6240\u4e0d\u77e5\u3001\u7121\u6240\u4e0d\u80fd\u7684\u4eba\u624d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u884c\u5bb6\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>5. 5 \u771f\u5fc3\u548c\u5984\u5fc3<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong> \u8a69\u4e91\uff1a\u5f7c\u4ea6\u66f0\u5fc3\uff0c\u96d6\u540d\u70ba\u5fc3\uff0c\u853d\u60d1\u6b64\u5fc3\u3002\u83ab\u68c4\u6b64\u5fc3\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e4b\u5fc3\uff0c\u53bb\u5f7c\u4e4b\u5fc3\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> \u5fc3\u6709\u771f\u5984\u4e4b\u5206\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u80fd\u767c\u73fe\u672c\u5fc3\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b64\u800c\u884c\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u6b63\u5927\u5149\u660e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u672c\u5fc3\u56e0\u70ba\u53d7\u5984\u5fc3\u7684\u906e\u853d\u800c\u626d\u66f2\u3001\u73b7\u6c61\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u884c\u70ba\u4e5f\u5c31\u626d\u66f2\u3001\u73b7\u6c61\u4e86\u3002\u672c\u5fc3\u662f\u6211\u5011\u7684\u201c\u672c\u4f86\u9762\u76ee\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u7121\u5f62\u7121\u8de1\uff0c\u7121\u751f\u7121\u6ec5\u7684\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5984\u5fc3\u662f\u6307\u7684\u662f\u8840\u6c23\u3002\u8840\u6c23\u5c31\u662f\u8840\u7684\u6d41\u52d5\uff0c\u7576\u8840\u6d41\u4e0a\u6e67\u6642\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u81c9\u8272\u5c31\u6703\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u4e26\u958b\u59cb\u52d5\u6012\u3002\u4eba\u5011\u5728\u9762\u5c0d\u5404\u7a2e\u60c5\u5f62\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u53d7\u8089\u9ad4\u4e2d\u8840\u6c23\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u800c\u7522\u751f\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u5fc3\u9748\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u201c\u5984\u5fc3\u201d\u3002\u5984\u5fc3\u8d77\u5247\u672c\u5fc3\u96b1\u3002\u6709\u667a\u6167\u7684\u4eba\u5011\u5f97\u5230\u8912\u8b7d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u80fd\u7528\u672c\u5fc3\u53bb\u9664\u5984\u5fc3\u3002\u5728\u6c92\u6709\u667a\u6167\u7684\u4eba\u5011\u90a3\u88e1\uff0c\u672c\u5fc3\u662f\u88ab\u96b1\u85cf\u8d77\u4f86\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5984\u5fc3\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u537b\u5f88\u5f37\u5927\uff1b\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u5011\u7e3d\u662f\u505a\u932f\u4e8b\uff0c\u73b7\u6c61\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u540d\u8b7d\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>\u516d\u3001\u300a\u5175\u6cd5\u5bb6\u50b3\u66f8\u300b \u7b2c\u4e09\u5377 \u7121\u5200<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>6.1\u00a0\u7121\u5fc3\u7121\u5200<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong> 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style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>6.2 \u5927\u6a5f\u5927\u7528<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong> 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\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7531\u65bc\u201c\u6a5f\u201d\u5df2\u7d93\u70ba\u4f60\u6240\u6709\uff0c\u6c34\u5230\u6e20\u6210\u7684\u6642\u5019\u5947\u8e5f\u5c31\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u7a31\u4f5c\u201c\u5927\u7528\u201d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u201c\u6a5f\u201d\u9084\u4e0d\u5230\u706b\u5019\uff0c\u201c\u7528\u201d\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u4f86\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u80fd\u505a\u5230\u5168\u795e\u8cab\u6ce8\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u65b7\u5730\u7df4\u7fd2\uff0c\u201c\u6a5f\u201d\u5c31\u6703\u6162\u6162\u9577\u6210\uff0c\u201c\u7528\u201d\u4e5f\u6703\u81ea\u7136\u986f\u73fe\u3002\u201c\u6a5f\u201d\u4e00\u65e6\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u64f4\u5c55\u5230\u6574\u500b\u8eab\u9ad4\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u5927\u7528\u201d\u4e5f\u6703\u901a\u904e\u4f60\u7684\u56db\u80a2\u3001\u8033\u76ee\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u4f86\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6709\u5927\u6a5f\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4ed6\u7684\u773c\u775b\u4e00\u6ce8\u8996\u4f60\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u6703\u88ab\u4ed6\u5b8c\u5168\u8ff7\u4f4f\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u6beb\u7121\u4f5c\u70ba\u5730\u7ad9\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5200\u90fd\u5fd8\u4e86\u62d4\u51fa\u4f86\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7a0d\u6709\u803d\u64f1\uff0c\u54ea\u6015\u662f\u7728\u773c\u7684\u529f\u592b\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u5df2\u7d93\u8f38\u4e86\u3002\u8c93\u7684\u773c\u775b\u4e00\u77aa\uff0c\u8001\u9f20\u5c31\u6703\u5f9e\u5929\u82b1\u677f\u4e0a\u6389\u4e0b\u4f86\u3002\u906d\u9047\u6709\u201c\u5927\u6a5f\u201d\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e00\u5982\u8001\u9f20\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u8c93\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4ee5\u7121\u7e1b\u5fc3\u61c9\u4e00\u5207\u5fc3\uff0c\u7121\u7e1b\u6167\u89e3\u4e00\u5207\u7e1b\uff0c\u300c\u5927\u6a5f\u300d\u662f\u80fd\u6d1e\u89f8\u4e00\u5207\u56e0\u7de3\u6709\u70ba\u8af8\u6cd5\u3002\u4f46\u80fd\u77e5\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8f49\u5176\u5883\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u8fa6\u4e00\u5207\u4f5b\u4e8b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u975e\u300c\u5927\u7528\u300d\u3002\u6545\u300c\u5927\u7528\u300d\u8005\u662f\u4ee5\u7a7a\u7121\u7684\u5982\u5982\u9ad4\u6027\uff0c\u53bb\u9762\u5c0d\u4e00\u5207\u5883\u7de3\uff0c\u7d42\u800c\u80fd\u8f49\u5176\u5883\u7de3\uff0c\u5927\u6a5f\uff0c\u5927\u7528\u3002\u5927\u7528\u8005\u662f\u9ad4\u6027\u81ea\u5df1\u61c9\u7de3\u7684\u7528\uff0c\u6545\u5927\u7528\u4e0d\u8981\u610f\u6703\u6709\u4e00\u6cd5\u53ef\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7121\u6709\u4e00\u6cd5\u53ef\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u80fd\u6210\u8fa6\u4e00\u5207\u4f5b\u4e8b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5927\u6a5f\u5927\u7528\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5927\u7528\u5247\u5728\u8b1b\u4f9d\u9ad4\u6027\u81ea\u96a8\u7de3\u61c9\u5316\uff0c\u7121\u4e8b\u4e0d\u80fd\u5713\u878d\u89e3\u6c7a\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u5f9e\u4f60\u7684\u9748\u89ba\u5fc3\u609f\u51fa\u4e00\u5207\u5883\u754c\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u79aa\u6a5f\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u5728\u4fee\u7121\u70ba\u6cd5\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u8b49\u5165\u4e00\u500b\u5883\u754c\u6642\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u5fc3\u50cf\u662f\u6b7b\u6389\u4e86\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u559c\u6b61\u8b1b\u8a71\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u5fc3\u52d5\u5ff5\u5c31\u4e0d\u8212\u670d\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u5fc3\u52d5\u5ff5\u5c31\u96e2\u958b\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7a7a\u771f\u5982\u9ad4\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8981\u555f\u767c\u5927\u6a5f\u5927\u7528\uff0c\u5148\u9808\u8b58\u5f97\u672c\u4f86\u9762\u76ee\u3002\u6211\u5011\u8981\u555f\u5927\u6a5f\u5927\u7528\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u65bc\u8b58\u5f97\u672c\u4f86\u5f8c\uff0c\u7dbf\u5bc6\u4fdd\u8b77\uff0c\u5728\u4e8b\u5883\u4e0a\u7cbe\u52e4\u935b\u7149\u4e4b\u7528\uff0c\u9664\u53bb\u6240\u6709\u7c98\u8457\u3001\u7591\u6eef\u3001\u8caa\u778b\u7b49\u5984\u7fd2\uff0c\u904b\u7528\u7d14\u719f\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u878d\u5165\u5927\u6a5f\u5927\u7528\u4e4b\u5883\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u201c\u5927\u7528\u7121\u65b9\u201d\u3002\u5b83\u8aaa\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6709\u201c\u5927\u6a5f\u5927\u7528\u201d\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u6703\u53d7\u4efb\u4f55\u73fe\u6210\u7684\u5b78\u554f\u3001\u898f\u5247\u7d04\u675f\u7684\u3002\u5b78\u554f\u3001\u898f\u5247\u5728\u5404\u500b\u9818\u57df\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5927\u5e2b\u624d\u80fd\u8d85\u8d8a\u9019\u4e9b\u5b78\u554f\u3001\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u5fc3\u6240\u6b32\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u7f88\u7d46\u3002\u6253\u7834\u4e00\u5207\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u5f9e\u5fc3\u6240\u6b32\u5730\u53bb\u505a\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5be6\u73fe\u4e86\u201c\u5927\u6a5f\u5927\u7528\u201d\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u7956\u6469\u62cf\u7f85\u5c0a\u8005\u5048\u66f0\uff1a\u300c<span style=\"color: #800000;\">\u5fc3\u96a8\u842c\u5883\u8f49\uff0c\u8f49\u8655\u5be6\u80fd\u5e7d\uff1b\u96a8\u6d41\u8a8d\u5f97\u6027\uff0c\u7121\u559c\u4ea6\u7121\u6182\u3002\u300d<\/span><\/strong><strong>\u9019\u53e5\u5048\u8a9e\u8aaa\u7684\u662f\u79aa\u5b97\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\uff0c\u5b83\u6b63\u597d\u4e5f\u9053\u4e2d\u4e86\u5175\u6cd5\u7684\u5967\u65e8\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5728\u95e1\u91cb\u5175\u6cd5\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u201c\u4e8b\u201d\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5c0d\u624b\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u8209\u52d5\uff1b\u4f60\u7684\u5fc3\u7dca\u7dca\u96a8\u8457\u5c0d\u624b\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u52d5\u4f5c\u800c\u6539\u8b8a\u3002\u9019\u53eb\u201c\u5fc3\u96a8\u842c\u4e8b\u8f49\u201d\u3002\u201c\u5883\u5f9e\u767e\u5e7d\u751f\u201d\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u5175\u6cd5\u7684\u8981\u65e8\u6240\u5728\u3002\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5834\u5408\uff0c\u4f60\u90fd\u8981\u5168\u795e\u8cab\u6ce8\u65bc\u5c0d\u624b\u7576\u524d\u7684\u4e00\u8209\u4e00\u52d5\uff0c\u628a\u5df2\u7d93\u767c\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u7f6e\u65bc\u8166\u5f8c\uff0c\u4efb\u5b83\u5011\u5982\u8239\u5c3e\u7684\u6c34\u7d0b\u90a3\u6a23\u81ea\u884c\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u518d\u5728\u5fc3\u4e2d\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u639b\u727d\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u53ef\u8996\u70ba\u5883\u5f9e\u767e\u5e7d\u751f\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u201c\u5e7d\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u5e7d\u5fae\u795e\u5999\u3001\u96e3\u4ee5\u89ba\u5bdf\uff1b\u5b83\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5fc3\u4e0d\u51dd\u6eef\u65bc\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u9ede\u3002\u5728\u8207\u6575\u4ea4\u624b\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u5fc3\u5728\u67d0\u500b\u9ede\u4e0a\u505c\u7559\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u4e00\u5b9a\u6703\u88ab\u64ca\u6557\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u5fc3\u5728\u61c9\u8a72\u52d5\u7684\u6642\u5019\u6709\u7d72\u6beb\u9072\u5ef6\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u6703\u88ab\u6bba\u6b7b\u3002\u5728\u548c\u6575\u4eba\u4ea4\u624b\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u9808\u7dca\u7dca\u5730\u76ef\u8457\u5c0d\u624b\u7684\u4e00\u8209\u4e00\u52d5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u5fc3\u7a0d\u6709\u9077\u5ef6\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u8981\u6557\u5317\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>6.3 \u5175\u6cd5\u548c\u4f5b\u5b78<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong> \u5175\u6cd5\u8207\u4f5b\u5b78\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u79aa\u5b97\uff0c\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u5171\u901a\u7684\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u6839\u672c\u7684\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u7269\u4e0a\u90fd\u7834\u9664\u57f7\u8457\u4e4b\u5ff5\u3001\u907f\u514d\u51dd\u6eef\u4e4b\u5fc3\u3002\u7834\u9664\u57f7\u5ff5\u90fd\u662f\u6839\u672c\u8981\u7fa9\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u6b4c\u4f0e\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u56de\u61c9\u897f\u884c\u548c\u5c1a\u7684\u5048\u8a9e\uff0c\u800c\u5beb\u4e86\u4e0b\u9762\u9019\u9996\u8a69\uff1a\u541b\u4eca\u65e2\u96e2\u5bb6\uff0c\u6b32\u554f\u610f\u5982\u4f55\uff1b\u4f46\u53bb\u83ab\u5fa9\u554f\uff0c\u5fc3\u7121\u6200\u820a\u5c45\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5728\u548c\u6575\u4eba\u4ea4\u624b\u4e4b\u969b\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u4f60\u5167\u5fc3\u6709\u600e\u6a23\u5fae\u5999\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u4f60\u63a1\u53d6\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\u52d5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u5fc3\u505c\u7559\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\u4e0a\u9762\uff0c\u90a3\u4f60\u5c31\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u8f38\u4e86\u3002\u4f60\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u57f9\u990a\u4e0d\u7e6b\u5ff5\u65bc\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u90a3\u662f\u6575\u4eba\u7684\u8209\u52d5\uff0c\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6b66\u85dd\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u5288\u780d\u7684\u62db\u5f0f\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>6.4 \u771f\u548c\u5047<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong> \u201c\u5373\u4f7f\u771f\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u7834\u9664\uff0c\u66f4\u9051\u8ad6\u90a3\u4e9b\u5984\u5ff5\u3002\u201d \u201c\u771f\u5ff5\u201d\u6307\u7684\u662f\u771f\u7406\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u4f60\u609f\u5230\u4e86\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u61c9\u518d\u8b93\u5b83\u5728\u5fc3\u4e2d\u505c\u7559\u3002\u609f\u5230\u771f\u7406\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8b93\u5b83\u5728\u5fc3\u4e2d\u505c\u7559\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u6703\u6c61\u67d3\u5fc3\u9748\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8b93\u865b\u5984\u7684\u5ff5\u982d\u76e4\u8e1e\u5fc3\u4e2d\uff0c\u90a3\u5b83\u5c0d\u5fc3\u9748\u7684\u6c61\u67d3\u6703\u591a\u9ebc\u56b4\u91cd\uff01<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u770b\u7562\u4e00\u5207\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u76e1\u7686\u62cb\u53bb\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u5728\u5fc3\u4e2d\u5b58\u4e00\u7d72\u75d5\u8de1\u3002\u5c07\u5b83\u5011\u4e00\u6383\u800c\u7a7a\uff0c\u8b93\u5fc3\u9748\u4fdd\u6301\u7a7a\u660e\u958b\u95ca\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e73\u5e38\u3001\u606c\u6de1\u7684\u5fc3\u614b\u505a\u4e8b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u80fd\u9054\u5230\u9019\u500b\u5883\u754c\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u7a31\u70ba\u5175\u6cd5\u5927\u5e2b\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>6.5 \u4fe1\u5805\u88dc\u8a3b: \u5fc3\u96a8\u842c\u5883\u8f49\uff0c\u8f49\u8655\u5be6\u80fd\u5e7d\u3002<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong> \u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\u7956\u9db4\u52d2\u90a3\u5c0a\u8005\u554f\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u7956\u66f0\uff1a&#8221;\u4ee5\u4f55\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u4ee4\u5f7c\u89e3\u812b\uff1f&#8221;<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> \u662f\u8aaa: 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