{"id":5760,"date":"2016-03-14T09:49:57","date_gmt":"2016-03-14T09:49:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.worldofmastermind.com\/?p=5760"},"modified":"2017-10-17T16:04:26","modified_gmt":"2017-10-17T16:04:26","slug":"%e7%8e%bb%e5%a7%86%e7%9a%84%e6%95%b4%e9%ab%94%e6%80%a7%e3%80%81%e5%85%a8%e6%81%af%e5%ae%87%e5%ae%99%e3%80%81%e5%92%8c%e9%9a%b1%e5%8d%b7%e7%a7%a9%e5%ba%8f%e7%90%86%e8%ab%96-%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%80%e9%9b%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.worldofmastermind.com\/?p=5760","title":{"rendered":"\u73bb\u59c6\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u6027 \u5168\u606f\u5b87\u5b99\u548c\u96b1\u5377\u79e9\u5e8f\u7406\u8ad6  (\u4e00) \u4fe1\u5805\u524d\u8a00\u53ca\u5c0e\u8ad6"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">\u4e00\u3001\u4fe1\u5805\u524d\u8a00<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u6234\u7dad\u00b7\u73bb\u59c6 (David Bohm) (1917 &#8211; 1992) \u8ddf\u4fe1\u5805\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u662f\u4f4d\u7406\u8ad6\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u8ad6\u6587\u6307\u5c0e\u6559\u6388\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u539f\u5b50\u80fd\u4e4b\u7236\uff0c \u7f85\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u5965\u672c\u6d77\u9ed8 (J. Robert Oppenheimer, 1904 &#8211; 1967)\u3002\u66fe\u4efb\u8077\u65bc\u66fc\u54c8\u987f\u8a08\u5283 (\u7814\u767c\u53ca\u88fd\u9020\u539f\u5b50\u5f48) \uff0c\u666e\u6797\u65af\u9813\u5927\u5b78\uff0c\u8056\u4fdd\u7f85\u5927\u5b78\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u7406\u5de5\u5b78\u9662\uff0c\u5e03\u91cc\u65af\u6258\u723e\u5927\u5b78\uff0c\u53ca\u502b\u6566\u5927\u5b78\u4f2f\u8c9d\u514b\u5b78\u9662\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldofmastermind.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/David-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-5763\" src=\"https:\/\/www.worldofmastermind.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/David-1-203x300.jpg\" alt=\"David 1\" width=\"75\" height=\"107\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldofmastermind.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/h8.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-2599\" src=\"https:\/\/www.worldofmastermind.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/h8-300x210.jpg\" alt=\"h8\" width=\"150\" height=\"107\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldofmastermind.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/h13a.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-2607\" src=\"https:\/\/www.worldofmastermind.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/h13a.jpg\" alt=\"h13a\" width=\"147\" height=\"112\" \/><\/a><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> \u96b1\u79e9\u5e8f(Implicate order) \u548c\u986f\u79e9\u5e8f(explicate order) \u662f\u73bb\u59c6\u9996\u5275\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u8853\u8a9e\u3002\u96b1\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e5f\u7a31\u5377\u79e9\u5e8f (&#8220;enfolded&#8221; order)\uff0c\u662f\u96b1\u85cf\u7684\u7121\u5f62\u7121\u76f8\u3001\u6cd5\u754c\u5be6\u76f8 (\u9053\u53ef\u9053\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u9053)\u3002\u986f\u79e9\u5e8f\u6216\u7a31\u5c55\u79e9\u5e8f (&#8220;unfolded&#8221; order) \u662f\u6709\u5f62\u4e16\u754c\u6240\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u68ee\u7f85\u842c\u8c61\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4eba\u5011\u901a\u5e38\u611f\u77e5\u5230\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u6b64\u5373\u4e2d\u5eb8\u6240\u8b02\u7406\u53ca\u4e8b: \u201c\u5176\u66f8\u59cb\u8a00\u4e00\u7406\uff0c\u4e2d\u6563\u70ba\u842c\u4e8b\uff0c\u672b\u5fa9\u5408\u70ba\u4e00\u7406\u3002\u653e\u4e4b\u5247\u5f4c\u516d\u5408\uff0c\u5377\u4e4b\u5247\u9000\u85cf\u65bc\u5bc6\u201d\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4f9d\u64da\u4e00\u4e58\u4f5b\u6cd5 \uff0c\u5b87\u5b99\u68ee\u7f85\u842c\u8c61\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u7684\u6574\u9ad4 (\u842c\u7269\u4e00\u9ad4\u3001\u9053\u901a\u70ba\u4e00)\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u5206\u5272\u3001\u90e8\u4efd\u7684\u89e3\u8aaa\u8207\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u5176\u61c9\u7528\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u9650\u5236\u6027\u3001\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\uff0c\u90fd\u53ea<\/strong><strong>\u6709\u5176\u9069\u7528\u7bc4\u570d\u53ca\u754c\u9650\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u6574\u9ad4\uff0c\u8a00\u8a9e\u9053\u65b7\uff0c\u5fc3\u884c\u8655\u6ec5\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a00\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee5\u610f\u6703\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u53e4\u4eca\u79d1\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5206\u89e3\u6027\u7684\u3001\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\u7684\u3002\u6b64\u5373\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u6574\u9ad4\uff0c\u8981\u5148\u5c07\u5b83\u7d30\u5206\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u90e8\u4efd (\u5929\u6587\u3001\u7269\u7406\u3001\u5316\u5b78\u3001\u6578\u5b78\u3001\u751f\u7269\u3001\u908f\u8f2f \u2026)\uff0c\u52a0\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u518d\u5c07\u5404\u90e8\u4efd\u7d44\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u9ad4\uff0c\u4f86\u89e3\u8aaa\u6574\u9ad4\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u898f\u5f8b\u3001\u6cd5\u5247\u3002\u9019\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u4e86\u77e5\u3001\u89e3\u8aaa\u8af8\u6cd5\u5be6\u76f8\u3002\u9019\u6709\u5982\u8981\u5411\u76f2\u4eba\u63cf\u8ff0\u5927\u8c61\uff0c\u8981\u8ddf\u4ed6\u89e3\u8aaa\u8c61\u9f3b\u3001\u8eab\u9ad4\u3001\u8173\u3001\u5c3e\u5df4\u3001\u6bdb\u9aee\u7684\u5f62\u72c0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u6574\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u96bb\u5927\u8c61\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4f46\u6f38\u6f38\u7684\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5fd8\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u5206\u89e3\u7814\u8a0e\u7684\u672c\u610f\uff0c\u9032\u5165\u4e86\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u9580\u4e00\u5b78\u79d1\uff0c\u8aa4\u4ee5\u70ba\u662f\u5168\u9ad4\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u5728\u5c40\u90e8\u88e1\u9762\u947d\u725b\u89d2\u5c16\uff0c\u539f\u5730\u6253\u8f49\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u60f3\u4ee5\u4e00\u6982\u5168\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u8fd1\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u6cbb\u5b78\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6709\u5982\u76f2\u4eba\u6478\u8c61\u3001\u7ba1\u4e2d\u7aba\u8c79\uff0c\u4e95\u5e95\u89c0\u5929\u3002<\/strong> <!--more--><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6709\u5982\u73fe\u4ee3\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u7269\u7406\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u5c07\u4e00\u5207\u4e8b\u7269\u5206\u6210\u5c0f\u5c0f\u5c40\u90e8\uff0c\u518d\u4ee5\u7406\u8ad6\u5be6\u9a57\u89e3\u8aaa\u9019\u5c40\u90e8\u3002\u53c8\u518d\u4ee5\u9019\u5c40\u90e8\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u8a66\u5716\u5275\u5efa\u7d71\u4e00\u5834\u8ad6 (unified field theory)\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u5fd8\u4e86\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u6574\u9ad4\u7684\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u5fd8\u4e86\u6574\u9ad4\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u96d6\u7d93\u5104\u842c\u5e74\uff0c\u4ea6\u7121\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u6709\u5982\u84b8\u6c99\u716e\u98ef\uff0c\u8aa0\u53ef\u60b2\u61ab\u8005\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u53c8\u5982\u897f\u91ab\u7684\u6559\u5c0e\uff0c\u662f\u5c07\u4eba\u9ad4\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u90e8\u4f4d\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u982d\u75db\u91ab\u982d\uff0c\u8173\u75db\u91ab\u8173\u3002\u6cbb\u6a19\u4e0d\u6cbb\u672c\u3002\u5b8c\u5168\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u4eba\u9ad4\u662f\u6574\u9ad4\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u5404\u90e8\u4f4d\u90fd\u662f\u606f\u606f\u76f8\u95dc\uff0c\u6240\u8b02\u727d\u4e00\u9aee\u800c\u52d5\u5168\u8eab\u3002\u9ec3\u5e1d\u5167\u7d93\u88e1\u7684\u7a74\u9053\u3001\u7d93\u8108\u3001\u53cd\u5c04\u5340\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u5728\u897f\u91ab\u6559\u5c0e\u4e4b\u5167\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u897f\u91ab\u65e9\u5c31\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u4eba\u9ad4\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u7d30\u80de\u88e1\u9762\uff0c\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u6574\u500b\u4eba\u9ad4\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u53ca\u6210\u9577\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u7d44\u7e54\u3001\u5668\u5b98\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5168\u8eab\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u76f4\u672a\u4ee5\u6b64\u70ba\u51fa\u767c\u9ede\uff0c\u4f86\u767c\u5c55\u91ab\u7406\u3002\u4e2d\u91ab\u5c31\u4e0d\u540c\u4e86\uff0c\u8981\u91ab\u4e00\u500b\u90e8\u4f4d\u7684\u75c7\u72c0\uff0c\u9808\u8981\u591a\u8655\u8457\u624b\uff0c\u624d\u6709\u6210\u6548\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u91ab\u75c5\u6709\u6642\u5019\u4e0d\u80fd\u653b\u5805\uff0c\u8981\u7e5e\u904e\u99ac\u5947\u8afe\u9632\u7dda\uff0c\u56db\u9762\u5305\u570d\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u8f15\u800c\u6613\u8209\u7684\u6cbb\u7652\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4fe1\u5805\u6709\u9451\u65bc\u6b64\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u5c0d\u73fe\u4ee3\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u81ea\u4ee5\u70ba\u662f\u7684\u4f5c\u98a8\u53ca\u79d1\u5b78\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7522\u751f\u61f7\u7591\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u5b87\u5b99\u842c\u7269\u662f\u7531\u7c92\u5b50 (particles) \u6240\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd1\u767e\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e00\u76f4\u7531\u7406\u8ad6\u8207\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u8a66\u5716\u627e\u51fa\u57fa\u672c\u7c92\u5b50 (fundamental particles): \u8cea\u5b50\u3001\u4e2d\u5b50\u3001\u96fb\u5b50\u3001\u5938\u514b\u3001\u8b0e\u7c92\u5b50\u3001\u5e0c\u683c\u7c92\u5b50\u3001\u2026.\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u90fd\u62ff\u4e86\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\uff0c\u771f\u662f\u5929\u4e0b\u4e00\u5927\u7b11\u8a71\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u6d6a\u8cbb\u4eba\u529b\u3001\u667a\u529b\u3001\u8ca1\u529b\u3002\u4fe1\u5805\u6709\u9451\u65bc\u6b64\uff0c\u65e9\u5728\u56db\u5341\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u5c31\u9000\u51fa\u9019\u821e\u5834\u3002\u53ea\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u9748\u611f\u3001\u6c92\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u8ad6\u8a3c\u3002 (\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7121\u6cd5\u89e3\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee5\u8a9e\u8a00\u3001\u6587\u5b57\u3001\u7b26\u865f\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u552f\u8a3c\u4e43\u77e5\u3002)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u57281950\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5927\u885b.\u73bb\u59c6 (David Bohm) \u5728\u5176\u66f8\u300a\u6574\u9ad4\u6027\u8207\u96b1\u79e9\u5e8f\u300b(Wholeness and the Implicate Order) \u4e2d\uff0c\u5f88\u7c21\u6f54\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f37\u6709\u529b\u7684\u95e1\u8aaa\u4e0a\u8ff0\u9053\u7406\u4ee5\u53ca\u6307\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u8a0e\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u4f46\u7531\u65bc\u6574\u9ad4\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8b70\u6027\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u7d66\u65bc\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u8b6c\u55bb\u89e3\u8aaa\u3002\u9019\u6709\u5982\u4e00\u500b\u521d\u751f\u7684\u5b30\u5152\uff0c\u9808\u8981\u6162\u6162\u990a\u80b2\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u5929\u6210\u9577\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u6210\u719f\u7684\u5927\u4eba\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e00\u884c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u901a\u7684\u662f\u51e1\u592b\u4fd7\u5b50\u3002\u53ea\u7cbe\u901a\u4e00\u9580\u7684\u662f\u4e0b\u58eb\uff0c\u662f\u4e16\u667a\u8faf\u8070\u3001\u662f\u5b78\u8005\u3002\u80fd\u540c\u6642\u7cbe\u901a\u6578\u9580\u7684\u662f\u4e2d\u58eb\u3002\u4e0a\u58eb\u3001\u8056\u4eba\uff0c\u7cbe\u901a\u4e16\u9593\u4e00\u5207\u7d93\u66f8\u6280\u85dd\u3001\u91ab\u65b9\u96dc\u8ad6\u3001\u5716\u66f8\u5370\u74bd\uff0c\u7a2e\u7a2e\u8af8\u6cd5\u3002\u4e00\u9580\u901a\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u9580\u901a\uff0c\u4e00\u6cd5\u901a\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u6cd5\u901a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u624d\u80fd\u6b63\u78ba\u5713\u878d\u89e3\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e16\u9593\u8af8\u6cd5\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>\u4e8c\u3001\u5c0e\u8ad6<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong>\u73bb\u59c6\u6b64\u66f8\u9996\u5148\u4ecb\u7d39\u53ca\u8a55\u8ad6\u7269\u7406\u7684\u4e09\u500b\u5283\u6642\u4ee3\u89c0\u5ff5\u8b8a\u9077: \u6a5f\u68b0\u79e9\u5e8f(Mechanic order)\u3001\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8ad6\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u5283\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u8b8a\u9077\u662f\u6574\u9ad4\u52d5\u614b\u904b\u4f5c (holomovement) \u53ca\u96b1\u79e9\u5e8f\u8207\u986f\u79e9\u5e8f\u9593\u7684\u4e92\u63db\u3001\u8f49\u8b8a\u3002\u5728\u9019\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u7d71\u4e00\u5834\u8ad6 (unified field theory) \u624d\u80fd\u6210\u529f\u7684\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>2.1 \u6a5f\u68b0\u79e9\u5e8f (mechanistic order)\u3002<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong> The principal feature of this order is that the world is regarded as constituted of entities which are outside of each other, in the sense that they exist independently in different regions of space (and time) and interact through forces. The machine gives a typical illustration of such a system of order. Each part is formed (e.g., by stamping or casting) independently of the others, and interacts with the other parts only through some kind of external contact.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> \u9019\u500b\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u5fb5\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u7269\u7406\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u7531\u4e0d\u540c\u5916\u5728\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u7269\u9ad4\u6240\u69cb\u6210\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u7368\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u548c\u6642\u9593\u3002\u5f7c\u6b64\u9593\u901a\u904e\u4f5c\u7528\u529b (force) \u800c\u4e92\u76f8\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u6709\u5982\u4e00\u90e8\u6a5f\u5668\u662f\u7531\u4e0d\u540c\u96f6\u4ef6\u6240\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u5176\u904b\u4f5c\u662f\u7531\u5f7c\u6b64\u9593\u7684\u4e92\u76f8\u63a5\u89f8\uff0c\u6240\u65bd\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u6240\u9054\u6210\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Physics has become almost totally committed to the notion that the order of the universe is basically mechanistic. \u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u5f9e\u53e4\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u90fd\u5805\u6301\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u6a5f\u68b0\u5f0f\u7684\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>The most common form of this notion is that the world is assumed to be constituted of a set of separately existent, indivisible and unchangeable \u2018elementary particles\u2019, which are the fundamental \u2018building blocks\u2019 of the entire universe. Originally, these were thought to be atoms, but atoms were eventually divided into electrons, protons and neutrons.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> \u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6700\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u5047\u5b9a\u4e00\u7d44\u55ae\u7368\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u66f4\u6539\u7684\u201c\u57fa\u672c\u7c92\u5b50\u201d\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6574\u500b\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u201c\u7a4d\u6728\u201d\u7684\u4f86\u69cb\u6210\u3002\u6700\u521d\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u4f46\u539f\u5b50\u6700\u7d42\u88ab\u5206\u70ba\u96fb\u5b50\uff0c\u8cea\u5b50\u548c\u4e2d\u5b50\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>These latter were thought to be the absolutely unchangeable and indivisible constituents of all matter, but then, these were in turn found to be subject to transformation into hundreds of different kinds of unstable particles, and now even smaller particles called \u2018quarks\u2019 and \u2018partons\u2019 have been postulated to explain these transformations. There appears to be an unshakable faith among physicists that either such particles, or some other kind yet to be discovered, will eventually make possible a complete and coherent explanation of everything.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> \u9019\u4e9b\u5f8c\u8005\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u7d55\u5c0d\u4e0d\u8b8a\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u7684\u7d44\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u96a8\u5f8c\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u4eba\u53c8\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u8f49\u5316\u70ba\u6578\u767e\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u985e\u578b\u7684\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u7a31\u70ba\u201c\u5938\u514b\u201d\u548c\u201c\u90e8\u5206\u5b50\u201c\u5df2\u7d93\u5047\u5b9a\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\u9019\u4e9b\u8b8a\u5316\u3002\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u4e0d\u53ef\u52d5\u6416\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u4e00\u5b9a\u53ef\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u7a2e\u57fa\u672c\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u4f86\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u548c\u9023\u8cab\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u4e00\u5207\u7269\u7406\u73fe\u8c61\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>[<span style=\"color: #993300;\">\u4fe1\u5805\u8a3b<\/span>: By contrast, in a living organism, for example, each part grows in the context of the whole, so that it does not exist independently.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> \u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u751f\u547d\u7684\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\uff0c\u5404\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6210\u9577\u8207\u6574\u500b\u606f\u606f\u76f8\u95dc\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u7368\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\u3002]<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>2.2 \u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6 (The Theory of Relativity)<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong> The theory of relativity was the first significant indication in physics of the need to question the mechanistic order. It implied that no coherent concept of an independently existent particle is possible.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> \u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u986f\u8457\u7684\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u5c0d\u6a5f\u68b0\u7269\u7406\u8cea\u7591\u7684\u8a3c\u64da\u3002\u5b83\u610f\u5473\u8457\u4e00\u500b\u7368\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u9023\u8cab\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Thus, a basic assumption underlying the generally accepted form of mechanism in physics has been shown to be untenable. To meet this fundamental challenge, Einstein proposed that the particle concept no longer be taken as primary, and that instead reality be regarded from the very beginning as constituted of fields, obeying laws that are consistent with the requirements of the theory of relativity. A key new idea of this \u2018unified field theory\u2019 of Einstein is that the field equations be non-linear.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u666e\u904d\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u7269\u7406\u6a5f\u5236\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5e95\u5c64\u5df2\u88ab\u8b49\u660e\u662f\u7ad9\u662f\u4e0d\u4f4f\u8173\u7684. \u70ba\u4e86\u6eff\u8db3\u9019\u4e00\u57fa\u672c\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u63d0\u8b70\u7c92\u5b50\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0d\u518d\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u3002\u73fe\u5be6\u61c9\u5f9e\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u5c31\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u7531 &#8220;\u5834&#8221; (field) \u6240\u69cb\u6210\uff0c\u9019\u5834\u8981\u9075\u5b88\u4e86\u8207\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u6cd5\u5247\u3002\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7684\u9019\u7a2e \u201c\u7d71\u4e00\u5834\u8ad6\u201d \u7684\u4e00\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u65b0\u89c0\u5ff5\u5c31\u662f &#8220;\u5834\u65b9\u7a0b\u662f\u975e\u7dda\u6027\u7684&#8221;\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>These equations could have solutions in the form of localized pulses, consisting of a region of intense field that could move through space stably as a whole, and that could thus provide a model of the \u2018particle\u2019. Such pulses do not end abruptly but spread out to arbitrarily large distances with decreasing intensity. Thus the field structures associated with two pulses will merge and flow together in one unbroken whole. Moreover, when two pulses come close together, the original particle-like forms will be so radically altered that there is no longer even a resemblance to a structure consisting of two particles.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> \u9019\u4e9b\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5177\u6709&#8221;\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\u7684\u8108\u885d&#8221; (localized pulses) \u7684\u89e3\u7b54\uff0c\u53ef\u5728\u7a7a\u9593\u7a69\u5b9a\u5730\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u79fb\u52d5\uff0c\u985e\u4f3c &#8216;\u7c92\u5b50&#8217; \u7684\u904b\u52d5\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u8108\u885d\u7684\u5206\u4f48\u4e0d\u6703\u7a81\u7136\u7d50\u675f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53ef\u96a8\u8457&#8221;\u5834&#8221;\u5f37\u5ea6\u7684\u5f37\u5ea6\u7684\u6e1b\u4f4e\uff0c\u800c\u64f4\u5c55\u5230\u7121\u91cf\u5927\u7684\u8ddd\u96e2\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8207\u5169\u500b\u8108\u885d\u76f8\u95dc\u9818\u57df\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u5c07\u5408\u4f75\uff0c\u800c\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u7684\u6d41\u52d5\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u7576\u5169\u500b\u8108\u885d\u63a5\u8fd1\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u539f\u59cb\u7c92\u5b50\u72c0\u5f62\u5f0f\u5c07\u6703\u7522\u751f\u6839\u672c\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u5169\u500b\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>So, the idea of a separately and independently existent particle is seen to be an abstraction furnishing a valid approximation only in a certain limited domain. Ultimately, the entire universe (with all its \u2018particles\u2019, including those constituting human beings, their laboratories, observing instruments, etc.) has to be understood as a single undivided whole, in which analysis into separately and independently existent parts has no fundamental status.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> \u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u7368\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u9846\u7c92\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u88ab\u770b\u6210\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u53ea\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6709\u9650\u5340\u57df\u624d\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u8fd1\u4f3c\u89e3\u8aaa\u3002\u6700\u7d42\uff0c\u6574\u500b\u5b87\u5b99\uff08\u8207\u6240\u6709\u5b83\u7684&#8217;\u7c92\u5b50&#8217;\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u90a3\u4e9b\u69cb\u6210\u4eba\u985e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\uff0c\u89c0\u6e2c\u5100\u5668\u7b49\uff09\u5fc5\u9808\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u55ae\u4e00\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u3002\u5c07\u5b83\u5206\u6790\u6210\u5206\u5225\u7368\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u6839\u672c\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Einstein was not able to obtain a generally coherent and satisfactory formulation of his unified field theory. Moreover the field concept, which is his basic starting point, still retains the essential features of a mechanistic order, for the fundamental entities, the fields, are conceived as existing outside of each other, at separate points of space and time, and are assumed to be connected with each other only through external relationships.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> \u4e0a\u9762\u63d0\u53ca\uff0c\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u672a\u80fd\u7372\u5f97\u4ed6\u7684\u7d71\u4e00\u5834\u8ad6\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u666e\u904d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\uff0c\u6eff\u610f\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\u3002\u6b64\u5916 \u4ed6\u7684 &#8220;\u5834\u7684\u6982\u5ff5&#8221; (field concept) \uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u70ba\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u5fb5\u3002\u5404\u7269\u9ad4\u7684\u5834\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u9023\u662f\u5916\u5728\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>2.3 \u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8ad6 (The Quantum Theory)<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong> The quantum theory presents a much more serious challenge to this mechanistic order, going far beyond that provided by the theory of relativity. The key features of the quantum theory that challenge mechanism are:<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> \u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8ad6\u5c55\u73fe\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5c0d\u6a5f\u68b0\u79e9\u5e8f\u66f4\u56b4\u5cfb\u7684\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u9060\u9060\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u63d0\u4f9b\u3002\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8ad6\u6311\u6230\u6a5f\u68b0\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u9ede\u662f\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1 Movement is in general discontinuous, in the sense that action is constituted of indivisible quanta (implying also that an electron can go from one state to another, without passing through any states in between).<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> \u904b\u52d5\u5728\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u662f\u4e0d\u9023\u7e8c\u7684\u3002 \u7d93\u7531\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u91cf\u5b50\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u610f\u5473\u8457\u4e00\u500b\u96fb\u5b50\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u72c0\u614b\u8df3\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u7d93\u904e\u4e2d\u9593\u7684\u72c0\uff09\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2 Entities, such as electrons, can show different properties (e.g., particle-like, wavelike, or something in between), depending on the environmental context within which they exist and are subject to observation. \u5be6\u9ad4\uff0c\u5982\u96fb\u5b50\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u986f\u793a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6027\u8cea\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7c92\u5b50\u72c0\uff0c\u6ce2\u72c0\uff0c\u6216\u4ecb\u65bc\u5169\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u5728\u89c0\u6e2c\u74b0\u5883\u80cc\u666f\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>3 Two entities, such as electrons, which initially combine to form a molecule and then separate, show a peculiar non-local relationship, which can best be described as a non-causal connection of elements that are far apart (as demonstrated in the experiment of Einstein, Podolsky and<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> Rosen).<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> \u5169\u500b\u5be6\u9ad4\uff0c\u5982\u96fb\u5b50\uff0c\u8d77\u521d\u7d50\u5408\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5206\u96e2\uff0c\u986f\u793a\u51fa\u7279\u6709\u975e\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\u7684\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u9019\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba\u5143\u4ef6\u7684\u9060\u8ddd\u96e2\u975e\u56e0\u679c\u9023\u63a5\uff08\u9019\u6f14\u73fe\u5728\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\uff0c\u6ce2\u591a\u723e\u65af\u57fa\u548c\u7f85\u68ee\u5be6\u9a57\uff09\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>It should be added of course that the laws of quantum mechanics are statistical and do not determine individual future events uniquely and precisely. This is, of course, different from classical laws, which do in principle determine these events. Such indeterminism is, however, not a serious challenge to a mechanistic order, i.e., one in which the fundamental elements are<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> independently existent, lying outside each other, and connected only by external relationships.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> \u7576\u7136\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u7684\u5b9a\u5f8b\u662f\u7d71\u8a08\u6027\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u7368\u7279\uff0c\u7cbe\u78ba\u5730\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e00\u500b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u672a\u4f86\u767c\u5c55\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> \u9019\u8207\u53e4\u5178\u5b9a\u5f8b (classical laws) \u7684\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u9019\u975e\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e26\u672a\u5c0d\u6a5f\u68b0\u79e9\u5e8f\u63d0\u51fa\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u6311\u6230\u3002\u5373\u500b\u9ad4\u7684\u5916\u5728\u3001\u7368\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u53ea\u901a\u904e\u5916\u90e8\u95dc\u4fc2\u800c\u4e92\u76f8\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>The three key features of the quantum theory given do, however, clearly show the inadequacy of mechanistic notions. \u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u4e09\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u9ede\u76f8\u7576\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u6a5f\u68b0\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>2.4 \u65b0\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u6311\u6230 (The Challenge of New Theory)<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong> It is instructive at this point to contrast the key features of relativistic and quantum theories. As we have seen, relativity theory requires continuity, strict causality (or determinism) and<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> locality. On the other hand, quantum theory requires non-continuity, non-causality and non-locality. So the basic concepts of relativity and quantum theory directly contradict each other.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> It is therefore hardly surprising that these two theories have never been unified in a consistent way. Rather, it seems most likely that such a unification is not actually possible. What is very probably needed instead is a qualitatively new theory, from which both relativity and quantum theory are to be derived as abstractions, approximations and limiting cases.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> \u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5148\u5c31\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u548c\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u5fb5\u4f5c\u500b\u5c0d\u6bd4\u3002\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u9700\u8981\u9023\u7e8c\u6027\uff0c\u56b4\u683c\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2\uff08\u6216\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6027\uff09\uff0c\u53ca\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8ad6\u5247\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u975e\u9023\u7e8c\u6027\uff0c\u975e\u56e0\u679c\u548c\u975e\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u548c\u91cf\u5b50\u8ad6\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u4e92\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6beb\u4e0d\u5947\u602a\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u90fd\u5f9e\u672a\u80fd\u7d71\u4e00\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7d71\u4e00\u4e0d\u662f\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u500b\u6027\u8cea\u4e0a\u7684\u3001\u8cea\u91cf\u7684\u7684\u65b0\u7406\u8ad6\u3002\u5f9e\u4e2d\u53ef\u62bd\u8c61\u3001\u8fd1\u4f3c\u548c\u5728\u6975\u9650\u60c5\u6cc1\u5c0e\u51fa\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u548c\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8ad6\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>The basic notions of this new theory evidently cannot be found by beginning with those features in which relativity and quantum theory stand in direct contradiction . The best place to begin is with what they have basically in common. This is undivided wholeness.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> \u9019\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u986f\u7136\u7684\u4e0d\u80fd\u57fa\u65bc\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u548c\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8ad6\u4e92\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002\u6700\u597d\u7684\u51fa\u767c\u9ede\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u7684\u5171\u540c\u9ede\u3002\u6b64\u5373\u662f &#8220;\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u7684\u6574\u9ad4&#8221;\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>To begin with undivided wholeness means, however, that we must drop the mechanistic order.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> But this order has been, for many centuries, basic to all thinking on physics.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>The mechanistic order is most naturally and directly expressed through the Cartesian grid. Though physics has changed radically in many ways, the Cartesian grid (with minor modifications, such as the use of curvilinear coordinates) has remained the one key feature that has not changed.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>2.5 \u65b0\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u6982\u5ff5 (The Concepts of the New Theory)<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong>Evidently, it is not easy to change this, because our notions of order are pervasive, for not only do they involve our thinking but also our senses, our feelings, our intuitions, our physical movement, our relationships with other people and with society as a whole and, indeed, every phase of our lives. It is thus difficult to \u2018step back\u2019 from our old notions of order sufficiently to be able seriously to consider new notions of order.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> \u9996\u5148\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u653e\u4e0b\u7684\u6a5f\u68b0\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u79e9\u5e8f\u8a31\u591a\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u601d\u7dad\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u89c0\u5ff5\u3002\u6a5f\u68b0\u79e9\u5e8f\u662f\u6700\u7b1b\u5361\u723e\u7db2\u683c\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u8868\u793a\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5f9e\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u6240\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u4f46\u7b1b\u5361\u723e\u7db2\u683c\u4f5c\u8868\u9054\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u6c92\u6709\u6539\u8b8a\u3002\u986f\u7136\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u6539\u8b8a\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u7121\u8655\u4e0d\u5728\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0d\u50c5\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u6211\u5011\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6211\u5011\u7684\u611f\u5b98\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u611f\u60c5\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u76f4\u89ba\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u8207\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u8207\u793e\u6703\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u6574\u9ad4\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u5011\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u968e\u6bb5\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f88\u96e3\u5f9e\u9019\u8001\u89c0\u5ff5\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u201c\u9000\u4e00\u6b65\u201d\u8a8d\u771f\u8003\u616e\u65b0\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>To help make it easier to see what is meant by our proposal of new notions of order that are appropriate to undivided wholeness, it is therefore useful to start with examples that may<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> directly involve sense perception, as well as with models and analogies that illustrate such notions in an imaginative and intuitive way.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> \u70ba\u4e86\u5e6b\u52a9\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u6211\u5011\u6240\u5c07\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u65b0\u6982\u5ff5\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u80fd\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5728\u6b64\u5148\u7528\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u6d89\u53ca\u611f\u5b98\u77e5\u89ba\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u985e\u6bd4\uff0c\u4f86\u4ee5\u5bcc\u6709\u60f3\u50cf\u529b\u7684\u548c\u76f4\u89ba\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8aaa\u660e\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>The photographic lens is an instrument that has given us a very direct kind of sense perception of the meaning of the mechanistic order, for by bringing about an approximate correspondence between points on the object and points on the photographic image, it very strongly calls attention to the separate elements into which the object can be analyzed. Thus, the mechanistic approach was greatly encouraged by the development of the photographic lens.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> \u651d\u5f71\u93e1\u982d\u662f\u901a\u904e\u5728\u651d\u5f71\u5c0d\u8c61\u4e0a\u7684\u9ede\u8207\u9ede\u4e4b\u9593\u5e36\u4f86\u4e00\u7a2e\u8fd1\u4f3c\u5c0d\u61c9\u95dc\u4fc2\u7d66\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u611f\u5b98\u77e5\u89ba\u7684\u6a5f\u68b0\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6a5f\u68b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u6975\u5927\u5730\u9f13\u821e\u4e86\u651d\u5f71\u93e1\u982d\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>We then went on to consider a new instrument, called the hologram. This makes a photographic record of the interference pattern of light waves that have come off an object. The key new feature of this record is that each part contains information about the whole object (so that there is no point-to-point correspondence of object and recorded image). That is to say, the form and structure of the entire object may be said to be enfolded within each region of the photographic record. When one shines light on any region, this form and structure are then unfolded to give a recognizable image of the whole object once again.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> \u7136\u5f8c\u6211\u5011\u53bb\u8003\u616e\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u5168\u606f\u5716\u3002\u9019\u7167\u7247\u8a18\u9304\u5149\u6ce2\u7269\u9ad4\u6563\u5c04\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5e72\u6d89\u5716\u6848\u3002\u6b64\u8a18\u9304\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u5b57\u7684\u65b0\u7279\u9ede\u662f\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u90e8\u5206\u5305\u542b\u95dc\u65bc\u6574\u500b\u7269\u4ef6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u6c92\u6709\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u548c\u8a18\u9304\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u9ede\u5c0d\u9ede\u7684\u5c0d\u61c9\uff09\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u6574\u500b\u7269\u9ad4\u7684\u5f62\u72c0\u8207\u7d50\u69cb\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u662f\u88ab\u6372\u542b\u5728\u7167\u76f8\u8a18\u9304\u7684\u6bcf\u500b\u5340\u57df\u5167\u3002\u7576\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u5149\u6ce2\u7167\u5c04\u5728\u6b64\u7d00\u9304\u7247\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5340\u57df\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u518d\u5c55\u73fe\u6574\u500b\u7269\u9ad4\u7684\u5f62\u72c0\u548c\u7d50\u69cb\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>We proposed that a new notion of order is involved here, which we called the implicate order (from a Latin root meaning \u2018to enfold\u2019 or \u2018to fold inward\u2019). In terms of the implicate order one may say that everything is enfolded into everything. This contrasts with the explicate order now dominant in physics in which things are unfolded (\u5c55\u73fe) in the sense that each thing lies only in its own particular region of space (and time) and outside the regions belonging to other things.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> \u6211\u5011\u5728\u6b64\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u96b1\u79e9\u5e8f\uff08\u5f9e\u62c9\u4e01\u8a5e\u6839\u7684\u610f\u601d\u201c\u4f86\u64c1\u62b1\u201d\u6216\u201c\u4ee5\u5411\u5167\u5c0d\u6298\u201d\uff09\u3002\u96b1\u79e9\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u4e8b\u7269\u90fd\u88ab\u6372\u542b\u5165\u5176\u5b83\u4e00\u5207\u4e8b\u7269\u88e1\uff08\u4e00\u6c99\u4e00\u4e16\u754c\uff09\u3002\u8207\u6b64\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u986f\u79e9\u5e8f\u662f\u4e8b\u7269\u53ea\u5c55\u73fe\u5728\u6bcf\u500b\u4e8b\u7269\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u7a7a\u9593\uff08\u548c\u6642\u9593\uff09\u53ca\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u5340\u57df\u3002\u6b64\u5340\u57df\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5c6c\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u7269\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>The value of the hologram in this context is that it may help to bring this new notion of order to our attention in a sensibly perceptible way; but of course, the hologram is only an instrument whose function is to make a static record (or \u2018snapshot\u2019) of this order.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> \u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u5168\u606f\u5716\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u5728\u65bc\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u628a\u9019\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u6982\u5ff5\u7d66\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u5408\u7406\u53ef\u5bdf\u89ba\u65b9\u5f0f; \u4f46\u9019\u5168\u606f\u5716\u662f\u53ea\u4f5c\u9019\u4e00\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u975c\u614b\u8a18\u9304\uff08\u6216\u201c\u5feb\u7167\u201d\uff09\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>The actual order itself which has thus been recorded is in the complex movement of electromagnetic fields, in the form of light waves. Such movement of light waves is present everywhere and in principle enfolds the entire universe of space (and time) in each region (as can be demonstrated in any such region by placing one\u2019s eye or a telescope there, which will \u2018unfold\u2019 this content).<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> \u9019\u8a18\u9304\u662f\u986f\u793a \u5be6\u969b\u79e9\u5e8f\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u7d93\u7531\u96fb\u78c1\u5834\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u3002\u9019\u5149\u6ce2\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u662f\u7121\u8655\u4e0d\u5728\uff0c\u6372\u542b\u4e86\u6574\u500b\u5b87\u5b99\u6642\u7a7a\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>This enfoldment and unfoldment takes place not only in the movement of the electromagnetic field but also in that of other fields, such as the electronic, protonic, sound waves, etc. We called this totality by the name holomovement.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> \u6b64\u6372\u5165\u548c\u5c55\u51fa\u4e0d\u50c5\u767c\u751f\u5728\u96fb\u78c1\u5834\u4e2d\u7684\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u96fb\u5b50\uff0c\u8cea\u5b50\uff0c\u8072\u6ce2\u7b49<\/strong><strong>\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u6b64\u6574\u9ad4\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u7a31\u70ba\u5168\u9ad4\u904b\u52d5 (holomovement\uff09\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>2.6 \u5168\u606f\u7406\u8ad6 (Hologrphic Universe)<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong> \u5168\u606f\u8ad6\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\uff0c\u5b87\u5b99\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u7684\u3001\u5404\u90e8\u5206\u4e4b\u9593\u7dca\u5bc6\u95dc\u806f\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u500b\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u6574\u9ad4\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4e00\u9762\u93e1\u5b50\u788e\u4e86\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u9762\u5c0f\u7684\u93e1\u7247\u4ecd\u7136\u80fd\u5920\u88ab\u7576\u6210\u93e1\u5b50\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u584a\u93e1\u5b50\u7684\u788e\u7247\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u6210\u6574\u9762\u93e1\u5b50\u7684\u5168\u606f\u7e2e\u5f71\u3002\u6211\u5011\u8eab\u9ad4\u88e1\u9762\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u7d30\u80de\u90fd\u662f\u6574\u500b\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u5168\u606f\u3002\u4eba\u7684\u53d7\u7cbe\u5375\u548c\u5b83\u767c\u80b2\u6210\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u7d30\u80de\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f03\uff0c\u5176DNA\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002\u4eba\u9ad4\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u7d30\u80de\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u4eba\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u73fe\u5be6\u5b87\u5b99\u9084\u6709\u66f4\u6df1\u7684\u5c64\u6b21\u662f\u6211\u5011\u6c92\u6709\u89ba\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u8d85\u904e\u6211\u5011\u5b87\u5b99\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u66f4\u8907\u96dc\u7684 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\u4e00\u53e5\u7684\u6975\u597d\u5370\u8b49\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> \u4e00\u6c99\u4e00\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4e00\u82b1\u4e00\u5929\u5802\uff0c\u4e00\u8449\u4e00\u83e9\u63d0\u3002\u4e00\u6c99\u4e00\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4e00\u82b1\u4e00\u5929\u5802<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> To see a World in a Grain of Sand\u3000\u3000\u3000 \u4e00\u7c92\u6c99\u88e1\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u4e16\u754c<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> And a Heaven in a Wild Flower,\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u6735\u82b1\u91cc\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5929\u5802<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> Hold Infinity in the palm of your hand\u3000 \u628a\u7121\u7aae\u7121\u76e1\u63e1\u65bc\u624b\u638c<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> And Eternity in an hour.\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000 \u6c38\u6046\u5be7\u975e\u662f\u524e\u90a3\u6642\u5149<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> \u2014\u2014\u82f1\u570b\u8a69\u4eba\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u5e03\u840a\u514b\uff08William Blake\uff09(1757-1827)\u8457\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u201c\u5168\u606f\u5b87\u5b99\u201d\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5168\u606f\u7167\u7247\uff0c\u73bb\u59c6\u9084\u7528\u6df7\u6c8c\u7406\u8ad6\uff08Chaos Theory)\uff0f\u5206\u5f62\u5e7e\u4f55\uff08Fractal Geometry\uff09\u4f86\u505a\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982Mandelbrot set, \u5176\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u5716\u5f62\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u9ed1\u6bbc\u87f2\uff0c\u5728\u7121\u76e1\u7684\u66f4\u5c0f\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u542b\u85cf\u8457\u7121\u76e1\u7684\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u9ed1\u6bbc\u87f2\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u9ed1\u6bbc\u87f2\u90fd\u8907\u88fd\u4e86\u6574\u9ad4\uff0c\u542b\u6709\u6574\u500b\u975e\u7dda\u6027\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e00\u3001\u4fe1\u5805\u524d\u8a00 \u6234\u7dad\u00b7\u73bb\u59c6 (David Bohm) (1917 &#8211; 1992) \u8ddf\u4fe1\u5805\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u662f\u4f4d\u7406\u8ad6\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u8ad6\u6587\u6307\u5c0e\u6559\u6388\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u539f\u5b50\u80fd\u4e4b\u7236\uff0c \u7f85\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u5965\u672c\u6d77\u9ed8 (J. Robert Oppenheimer, 1904 &#8211; 1967)\u3002\u66fe\u4efb\u8077\u65bc\u66fc\u54c8\u987f\u8a08\u5283 (\u7814\u767c\u53ca\u88fd\u9020\u539f\u5b50\u5f48) \uff0c\u666e\u6797\u65af\u9813\u5927\u5b78\uff0c\u8056\u4fdd\u7f85\u5927\u5b78\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u7406\u5de5\u5b78\u9662\uff0c\u5e03\u91cc\u65af\u6258\u723e\u5927\u5b78\uff0c\u53ca\u502b\u6566\u5927\u5b78\u4f2f\u8c9d\u514b\u5b78\u9662\u3002 \u96b1\u79e9\u5e8f(Implicate order) \u548c\u986f\u79e9\u5e8f(explicate order) \u662f\u73bb\u59c6\u9996\u5275\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u8853\u8a9e\u3002\u96b1\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e5f\u7a31\u5377\u79e9\u5e8f (&#8220;enfolded&#8221; order)\uff0c\u662f\u96b1\u85cf\u7684\u7121\u5f62\u7121\u76f8\u3001\u6cd5\u754c\u5be6\u76f8 (\u9053\u53ef\u9053\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u9053)\u3002\u986f\u79e9\u5e8f\u6216\u7a31\u5c55\u79e9\u5e8f (&#8220;unfolded&#8221; order) \u662f\u6709\u5f62\u4e16\u754c\u6240\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u68ee\u7f85\u842c\u8c61\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4eba\u5011\u901a\u5e38\u611f\u77e5\u5230\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u6b64\u5373\u4e2d\u5eb8\u6240\u8b02\u7406\u53ca\u4e8b: \u201c\u5176\u66f8\u59cb\u8a00\u4e00\u7406\uff0c\u4e2d\u6563\u70ba\u842c\u4e8b\uff0c\u672b\u5fa9\u5408\u70ba\u4e00\u7406\u3002\u653e\u4e4b\u5247\u5f4c\u516d\u5408\uff0c\u5377\u4e4b\u5247\u9000\u85cf\u65bc\u5bc6\u201d\u3002 \u4f9d\u64da\u4e00\u4e58\u4f5b\u6cd5 \uff0c\u5b87\u5b99\u68ee\u7f85\u842c\u8c61\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u7684\u6574\u9ad4 (\u842c\u7269\u4e00\u9ad4\u3001\u9053\u901a\u70ba\u4e00)\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u5206\u5272\u3001\u90e8\u4efd\u7684\u89e3\u8aaa\u8207\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u5176\u61c9\u7528\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u9650\u5236\u6027\u3001\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\uff0c\u90fd\u53ea\u6709\u5176\u9069\u7528\u7bc4\u570d\u53ca\u754c\u9650\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u6574\u9ad4\uff0c\u8a00\u8a9e\u9053\u65b7\uff0c\u5fc3\u884c\u8655\u6ec5\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a00\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee5\u610f\u6703\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u53e4\u4eca\u79d1\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5206\u89e3\u6027\u7684\u3001\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\u7684\u3002\u6b64\u5373\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u6574\u9ad4\uff0c\u8981\u5148\u5c07\u5b83\u7d30\u5206\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u90e8\u4efd (\u5929\u6587\u3001\u7269\u7406\u3001\u5316\u5b78\u3001\u6578\u5b78\u3001\u751f\u7269\u3001\u908f\u8f2f 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