{"id":4007,"date":"2014-12-05T18:50:04","date_gmt":"2014-12-05T18:50:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.worldofmastermind.com\/?p=4007"},"modified":"2015-01-05T22:47:46","modified_gmt":"2015-01-05T22:47:46","slug":"on-the-fall-of-the-athenian-republic-%e5%be%9e%e9%9b%85%e5%85%b8%e5%85%b1%e5%92%8c%e5%9c%8b%e7%9a%84%e8%a1%b0%e8%90%bd%e8%ab%96%e6%b0%91%e4%b8%bb%e5%88%b6%e5%ba%a6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.worldofmastermind.com\/?p=4007","title":{"rendered":"On The Fall of the Athenian Republic \u5f9e\u96c5\u5178\u5171\u548c\u570b\u7684\u8870\u843d\uff0c\u8ad6\u8fd1\u4ee3\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6"},"content":{"rendered":"

On The Fall of the Athenian Republic \u8ad6\u96c5\u5178\u5171\u548c\u570b\u7684\u8870\u843d<\/span><\/strong> by Alexander Tytler<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u524d\u8a00: <\/span>\u6b64\u6587\u56e0\u8fd1\u65e5\u53f0\u7063\u4e5d\u5408\u4e00\u5927\u9078\uff0c\u6709\u611f\u800c\u767c\u3002\u5e95\u4e0b\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c “\u5f9e\u96c5\u5178\u5171\u548c\u570b\u7684\u8870\u843d\u8aaa\u8d77”\uff0c\u662f\u91dd\u5c0d\u7576\u4eca\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u6240\u4e0b\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u3002\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5df2\u8d70\u5230\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u672b\u8def\u4e86\u3002 (\u70ba\u4fbf\u5229\u4e2d\u6587\u8b80\u8005\uff0c\u4fe1\u5805\u7279\u5c07\u6b64\u6587\uff0c\u6539\u70ba\u4e2d\u82f1\u5c0d\u7167)\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u96c5\u5178\u662f\u53e4\u4ee3\u6b77\u53f2\u8a18\u8f09\u4e2d\u6700\u65e9\u800c\u53c8\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u570b\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1b\u300c\u6c11\u4e3b: \u5c07\u7d71\u6cbb\u6b0a\u6b78\u9084\u65bc\u4eba\u6c11\u300d\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u7531\u96c5\u5178\u4eba\u5728\u897f\u5143\u524d508\u5e74\u767c\u660e\u4ee5\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"republic<\/a>\"republic<\/a>\"republic<\/a><\/p>\n

Alexander Fraser Tytler (15 October 1747 \u2013 5 January 1813) was a Scottish advocate, judge, writer and historian who served as Professor of Universal History, and Greek and Roman Antiquities, in the University of Edinburgh. He had this to say about the fall of the Athenian Republic some 2,000 years prior:<\/strong>
\n \u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u5ba3\u4f48\u7368\u7acb (1776) \u7684\u5341\u4e00\u5e74\u5f8c (1787)\uff0c\u8607\u683c\u862d\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u6cf0\u52d2\uff0c\u4ee5\u96c5\u5178\u5171\u548c\u570b\u7684\u8870\u843d\u53f2\u70ba\u9451\uff0c\u5beb\u4e86\u5982\u4e0b\u7684\u76f8\u7576\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u9810\u8a00\u3002\u9019\u9810\u8a00\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u5df2\u8d70\u5230\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u672b\u8def\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u6210\u4f4f\u58de\u7a7a\uff0c\u4eba\u4e8b\u751f\u4f4f\u7570\u6ec5\uff0c\u8f2a\u8f49\u5468\u800c\u5fa9\u59cb\u3002 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u5f9e\u96c5\u5178\u5171\u548c\u570b\u7684\u8870\u843d\uff0c\u8ad6\u8fd1\u4ee3\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

[\u4fe1\u5805\u8a3b: \u95dc\u65bc\u6b64\u7ae0\u7bc0\u7684\u6587\u53e5\u4f86\u6e90\uff0c\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u722d\u8b70\u3002\u4f46\u5176\u6240\u8868\u9054\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u537b\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u4ee4\u4eba\u6df1\u601d\u7684\u7fa9\u7406\u3002]<\/strong><\/p>\n

“A democracy is always temporary in nature; it simply cannot exist as a permanent form of government. A democracy will continue to exist up until the time that voters discover they can vote themselves generous gifts from the public treasury. From that moment on, the majority always votes for the candidates who promise the most benefits from the public treasury, with the result that every democracy will finally collapse due to loose fiscal policy, which is always followed by a dictatorship.”<\/strong>
\n\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u672c\u8cea\uff0c\u6c38\u9060\u662f\u66ab\u6642\u6027\u7684\u3002\u7576\u9078\u6c11\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u53ef\u7528\u516c\u5bb6\u8ca1\u5eab\uff0c\u4f86\u98fd\u6eff\u79c1\u6b32\u6642\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u5c31\u5df2\u5feb\u58fd\u7d42\u6b63\u5be2\u4e86\u3002\u5f9e\u6b64\u6642\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u9078\u6c11\u7e3d\u662f\u5c07\u7968\u6295\u7d66\u627f\u8afe\u7d66\u4ed6\u5011\u6700\u5927\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u5019\u9078\u4eba\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u5c0e\u81f4\u653f\u5e9c\u7d93\u6fdf\u7834\u7522\uff0c\u7e7c\u4e4b\u800c\u8d77\u7684\u662f\u7368\u88c1\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u6b77\u53f2\u5c31\u5982\u6b64\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u8207\u7368\u88c1\u4e4b\u9593\u6416\u64fa\u3001\u5faa\u74b0\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

“The average age of the world’s greatest civilizations from the beginning of history, has been about 200 years. During those 200 years, these nations always progressed through the following sequence:<\/strong>
\n \u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u5049\u5927\u6587\u660e\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u58fd\u547d\u662f\u5169\u767e\u5e74\u3002\u5728\u9019\u5169\u767e\u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u7e3d\u662f\u4f9d\u4e0b\u9762\u9806\u5e8f\u9032\u5c55:<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. From bondage (\u5974\u5f79\uff0c\u675f\u7e1b) to spiritual faith (\u7cbe\u795e\u4fe1\u4ef0)\uff1b<\/strong>
\n Bondage: the state of being under the control of a force or influence or abstract power.<\/strong>
\n \u5f9e\u88ab\u5974\u5f79(\u541b\u4e3b\u653f\u9ad4)\u9032\u5c55\u81f3\u7cbe\u795e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

2. From spiritual faith to great courage (\u52c7\u6c23) \uff1b<\/strong>
\n \u5f9e\u7cbe\u795e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7522\u751f\u9769\u65b0\u7684\u52c7\u6c23\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

3. From courage to liberty (\u81ea\u7531)\uff1b<\/strong>
\n \u5f9e\u9769\u65b0\u7684\u52c7\u6c23\uff0c\u63a8\u7ffb\u7368\u88c1\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u9032\u5165\u6c11\u4e3b\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

4. From liberty to abundance (\u5bcc\u8db3);<\/strong>
\n \u5f9e\u6c11\u4e3b\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u540c\u5fc3\u5408\u529b\uff0c\u611b\u570b\u611b\u5bb6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9032\u5c55\u81f3\u5bcc\u8db3\u5b89\u5eb7\u7684\u793e\u6703\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

5. From abundance to complacency (\u81ea\u6ee1);<\/strong>
\n \u5f9e\u5bcc\u8db3\u5b89\u5eb7\u7684\u793e\u6703\u9032\u5c55\u81f3\u81ea\u6ee1\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

6. From complacency to apathy (\u51b7\u6f20);<\/strong>
\n \u5f9e\u81ea\u6ee1\u9032\u5c55\u81f3\u51b7\u6f20 (\u81ea\u79c1\u81ea\u5229)\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

7. From apathy to dependence (\u4f9d\u8cf4);<\/strong>
\n \u5f9e\u51b7\u6f20\u9032\u5c55\u81f3\u4f9d\u8cf4\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u65bd\u6368\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

8. From dependence back into bondage.<\/strong>
\n \u5f9e\u4f9d\u8cf4\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u65bd\u6368\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u653f\u5e9c\u7834\u7522\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53c8\u56de\u5230\u88ab\u5974\u5f79\u7684\u541b\u4e3b\u653f\u9ad4\u3002\u6b77\u53f2\u5c31\u5982\u6b64\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u8207\u541b\u4e3b\u653f\u9ad4\u4e4b\u9593\u6416\u64fa\uff0c\u5468\u800c\u5fa9\u59cb\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u5df2\u7d93\u5230\u4e86\u7b2c6\u3001\u7b2c7\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u63a5\u8fd1\u65bc\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u672b\u65e5\u4e86\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u6839\u672c\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e4b\u9053<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

There is no good or evil in any political system. Good or evil resides in the moral quality of the people. \u4efb\u4f55\u653f\u6cbb\u9ad4\u5236\u672c\u8eab\u6c92\u6709\u597d\u58de\u3001\u512a\u52a3\u4e4b\u5206\u3002\u597d\u58de\u5728\u65bc\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6c34\u6e96\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u904b\u7528\u5b83\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u541b\u4e3b\u653f\u9ad4\u90fd\u662f\u5c0d\u7acb\u3002\u6709\u5c0d\u7acb\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7121\u5e38\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u6301\u4e45\u3002\u552f\u4e00\u6839\u672c\u89e3\u6c7a\u8fa6\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u63d0\u9ad8\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u9748\u6027\u6c34\u6e96 (\u610f\u8b58\u968e\u5c64)\u3002\u667a\u6167\u589e\u9577\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u5206\u8fa8\u662f\u975e\u5584\u60e1\uff0c\u5c0d\u6c11\u4e3b\u624d\u6703\u6709\u6b63\u77e5\u3001\u6b63\u898b\uff0c\u5316\u5c0d\u7acb\u70ba\u5713\u878d\u3002\u5927\u773e\u4e00\u9ad4\uff0c\u70ba\u5171\u540c\u5feb\u6a02\u3001\u5e78\u798f\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u5949\u737b\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8acb\u770b\u672c\u5712\u5730\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0: \u00a0 \u6709\u667a\u6167\u624d\u80fd\u6839\u672c\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e00\u5207\u554f\u984c<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

On The Fall of the Athenian Republic \u8ad6\u96c5\u5178\u5171\u548c\u570b\u7684\u8870\u843d by Alexander Tytler \u4e00\u3001\u524d\u8a00: \u6b64\u6587\u56e0\u8fd1\u65e5\u53f0\u7063\u4e5d\u5408\u4e00\u5927\u9078\uff0c\u6709\u611f\u800c\u767c\u3002\u5e95\u4e0b\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c “\u5f9e\u96c5\u5178\u5171\u548c\u570b\u7684\u8870\u843d\u8aaa\u8d77”\uff0c\u662f\u91dd\u5c0d\u7576\u4eca\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u6240\u4e0b\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u3002\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5df2\u8d70\u5230\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u672b\u8def\u4e86\u3002 (\u70ba\u4fbf\u5229\u4e2d\u6587\u8b80\u8005\uff0c\u4fe1\u5805\u7279\u5c07\u6b64\u6587\uff0c\u6539\u70ba\u4e2d\u82f1\u5c0d\u7167)\u3002 \u96c5\u5178\u662f\u53e4\u4ee3\u6b77\u53f2\u8a18\u8f09\u4e2d\u6700\u65e9\u800c\u53c8\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u570b\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1b\u300c\u6c11\u4e3b: \u5c07\u7d71\u6cbb\u6b0a\u6b78\u9084\u65bc\u4eba\u6c11\u300d\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u7531\u96c5\u5178\u4eba\u5728\u897f\u5143\u524d508\u5e74\u767c\u660e\u4ee5\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u3002 Alexander Fraser Tytler (15 October 1747 \u2013 5 January 1813) was a Scottish advocate, judge, writer and historian who served as Professor of … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4007","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-1"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.worldofmastermind.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4007","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.worldofmastermind.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.worldofmastermind.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldofmastermind.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldofmastermind.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4007"}],"version-history":[{"count":37,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldofmastermind.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4007\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4090,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldofmastermind.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4007\/revisions\/4090"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.worldofmastermind.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4007"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldofmastermind.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4007"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldofmastermind.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4007"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}